A diversity of solution has been used and utilized to minimize cold flow properties problems caused by paraffins crystallization during production and/or transportation of waxy crude oils. Herein, a novel series of nanohybrids of poly­(methyl methacrylate)-graphene oxide (PMMA-GO) as pour point depressants was prepared successfully by dispersing the inorganic nanosheets of GO on the organic, PMMA, matrix via in situ free radical polymerization. The prepared PMMA-GO nanohybrids were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, and GPC chromatography. The thermal stability of PMMA-GO nanohybrids was also studied by both TGA and DSC. The results showed that the pour point and the apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil were reduced significantly upon addition of PMMA-GO nanohybrid, and the long-term stability of the PMMA-GO nanohybrid was superior to that of a conventional PMMA material. The significant effect of this PMMA-GO nanohybrid as pour point depressant and flow improver on waxy crude oil problem is carrying new technology to minimization of the permeability during the charge and transportation process. The effect of oil soluble PMMA-GO nanohybrid on the pour point/rheological properties is discussed, and a beneficiation mechanism is suggested.

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In this paper, a novel series of nanohybrid of poly(octadecylacrylate derivatives) montmorillonite (ODA/MMT) was prepared by successfully dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of MMT-clay on the organic polymer matrix via in situ free-radical polymerization by different ratios. The prepared nanohybrid polymers were characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, GPC, DSC, and TGA instruments. The XRD confirmed the presence of an exfoliated/interacted clay structure in the prepared polymer. Moreover, the molecular weight of the prepared polymer nanohybrids is higher than the corresponding polymer. The results of applying the polymer as pour point depressants showed a considerable reduction from 27 C (initial pour point) to −3 C, facilitating the process of oil flow at lower temperatures than earlier. The apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was also decreased significantly by the addition of the (ODA/MMT) polymers, and the long-term stability of the prepared nanohybrid polymers was superior to that of a conventional polymer. The efficiency of polymers nanohybrid in reducing the pour point of crude oil associated with improved oil flow is one of the most important processes of charge and transportation process. The mechanism of enhancement of the flow properties by the polymers nanohybrid is predicted.

A new nanohybrid polymer as flow improver in crude oil, where chemical modification of natural clay in which ionic surfactants containing ionic liquid moieties are grafted onto the clay layer and compared with other ammonium salt containing vinyl groups.

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O RGANIC pollutant substances have direct effect on humans and animals. Wastewater containing organic pollutant like phenol compound can contaminate ground water resource and thus lead to a serious ground water problem. This study presents the adsorption technique of (MWCNt) which is used as adsorbents for the removal of phenol compounds from synthetic contaminated water. Many parameters are studied like pH, agitation speed, contact time and adsorbent concentration to determine their influence on the removal of phenol and on adsorption rate.The concentration of phenol in water before and after treatment was determined (analyzed) using high performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC).The kinetic studies for adsorption followed the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherm fits with Langmuir isotherm. The optimum conditions using MWCNTs were contact time 120 min, pH 7, agitation speed 130 rpm and dose of adsorbent 0.3g. The removal percentage was 85.54%.

E NVIRONMENTAL pollution has turned out to be one of the serious problems for human , animals and environment at present because of acute toxicities and carcinogenic nature of the pollutants. A lot of organic and inorganic contaminations have been reported in water for example phenol, dyes and heavy metal toxic ions. Pomegranate peels were used as low cost biosorbent to remove organic (phenol& cationic and anionic dyes ) and inorganic(Ni 2+ ) pollutants from industrial wastewater. The main goal of this work is to prepare a low cost acid activated carbon from waste pomegranate peels by thermal and acid activation. Two forms of these peels, dried powder (PP) and Activated carbon (ACPP) were used. ACPP are characterized by different techniques such as IR, XRD, surface area and approximate & elemental analysis. Adsorption process is occurred under some environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, initial concentration, dose of adsorbent and contact time.The Removal percent for the adsorption of all pollutants were (86.79, 84.15, 83.02, 81.44 %) for MB, Mo, Ni 2+ ,ph on acid activated carbon.Adsorption capacity of ACPP more than PP. Biosorption procedure was tested on the basis of isotherm and kinetic models . Thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were also calculated. The results showed that the adsorption of dyes, phenol and metal onto surface of ACPP was an endothermic process that could be fitted with the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudosecond order model. The activated carbon could be regenerated and used for 3 adsorption desorption cycle until sorbtion capacity reach to less than 50% than initial sorption capacity.