The vulnerability, flood hazards, and exposure are three indicators to calculating and assessing flood risk in the Mekong Delta river. Flood risk assessments allows managers to understand the probability and implications of potential damage caused by floods. The vulnerability index is based on three criteria, including sensitivity and adaptive capacity related to the economic, social, and environmental aspects and benefits that floods bring to the Mekong Delta river. The flood events occurred in the years that the flood peak at Tan Chau was over 4 m, causing the most severe damage in this area. This paper will use the vulnerability index method which is the sum of the components including the sensitivity, resilience and benefits of floods to calculate and assess the flood vulnerability of 155 communes in 11 districts of An Giang province. The results showed that there are four communes were affected by average vulnerability and 151 communes with high vulnerability.
Vietnam is one of the countries with high biological diversity in the world but also greatly influenced by climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solution for sustainable forest management through field surveys in permanent plots to study forest ecology, combining advanced GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies such as Google Earth, Global Mapper, etc. to monitor changes in forest structure and dynamics. The paper is based on the inheritance of the first measurement data in 2012 and directly measures in the second time after 5 years in 2017 at a 10-ha plot with ten 1-ha subplots. The results show that the number of trees is the highest at the diameter class of 10-20 cm (< 20 cm), accounting for about 60% of the total number of trees of each 1-ha sub-plot and the study site and at the height of < 20 m, respectively 8,402 out of 10,261 in 2012 and 8,189 out of 10,013 in 2017 were measured. In addition, the result of this paper indicates that Google Earth software is one of the most effective GIS tools in planning biodiversity conservation strategies and natural resource management.
Urban flooding has impacted significantly on people's living: economic development, environmental pollution, etc.. It has been the serious problem of many cities in the world, especially in urban areas in developing countries because urbanization is too fast but lack of adaptive management planning and infrastructure. In Vietnam, the big cities, such as HCM (Ho Chi Minh) City, Hanoi, etc. have also been influenced severely by floods. By early 2017, HCM City has 171 flooded sites assigned by the district level; 40 submergence points assigned by Steering Center of Flooding Control Program, and 9 tidal flooded points. The paper will establish a suitable method for assessing flood vulnerability in HCM City from natural, social and environmental aspects. The results of a case study in District 6 show that there are four wards with high vulnerability and 10 wards with average vulnerability.
Three provinces including Long An, Tien Giang and Dong Thap, located at Dong Thap Muoi area in the Mekong Delta, belong to the southern key economic region of Vietnam. These provinces run from west to east with a vast network of rivers. Among them, VCD (Vam Co Dong), VCT (Vam Co Tay) and Soai Rap rivers are the three biggest rivers crossing the province. In recent years, the flows of rivers have changed a lot and saline intrusion has been very complicated. Salt water has intruded deeply into the field. In the 2000s, salt water only reached Tuyen Nhon (Thanh Hoa district), but now it has reached Vinh Hung district, about 50 km far from Tuyen Nhon. In 2016, the maximum of salinity in Xuan Khanh (Duc Hoa district) in VCD river was 6.8‰ and Tuyen Nhon (Thanh Hoa district) in VCT river was 5.2‰. In the coming years, the situation of salt intrusion is going to happen more unpredictable under effects of global climate change and sea level rise.
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