We report results of galvanomagnetic and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements on thin films of Bi 1−x Sb x on polyimide and mica substrates with various antimony concentrations (x from 0 to 15 %) and film thickness (70, 150 nm). The resistivity, Hall coefficient and magnetoresistivity of the films were measured experimentally in the magnetic field of 0.65 T at room temperature. Mobility and concentration of electrons and holes in the film plane were calculated using the transport coefficients. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the complex conductivity and permittivity of Bi 1−x Sb x thin films on the dielectric substrates in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1 THz. The plasma frequency, relaxation time, DC conductivity and effective carrier mass were extracted from these data and evaluated as functions of the Sb concentration for different film thickness and substrate. We observed that the film magnetoresistivity decreases with increasing the Sb concentration and for most of the films the Hall coefficient is negative and depends on the external factors insignificantly. We show that the mobility of charge carriers weakly depends on Sb concentration, which confirms the assertion about the scattering of carriers on themselves and not on defects in the structure. It was revealed that film static and dynamic resistivity (conductivity) as well as dielectric permittivity depend on Sb content and the film thickness. The results may be used for development of various thermoelectric, electronic and optical devices, such as THz detectors or components which can control the properties of THz radiation.

A room-temperature terahertz (THz) detector based on a thermoelectric frequency selective surface (FSS) has been numerically simulated, designed, fabricated, and tested. The FSS has been fabricated from a 150 nm thin Bi88Sb12 thermoelectric film with the engraved periodic Greek crosses. The detector prototype has been tested under the 0.14 THz radiation exposure and showed a voltage response due to the photo-thermoelectric effect up to 0.13–0.18 mV, and voltage responsivity equal to 14–20 mV/W. The detector based on the FSS has shown voltage responsivity up to three times higher in comparison with the detector based on the continuous film. Thermal imaging has shown a temperature increase in the FSS up to 1.5 K under the THz exposure. The obtained results demonstrate prospects for utilization of the Bi88Sb12 FSS detector as a low cost, compact, high-speed, highly sensitive room-temperature THz detector.

The terahertz frequency range is promising for solving various practically important problems. However, for the terahertz technology development, there is still a problem with the lack of affordable and effective terahertz devices. One of the main tasks is to search for new materials with high sensitivity to terahertz radiation at room temperature. Bi1−xSbx thin films with various Sb concentrations seem to be suitable for such conditions. In this paper, the terahertz radiation influence onto the properties of thermoelectric Bi1−xSbx 200 nm films was investigated for the first time. The films were obtained by means of thermal evaporation in vacuum. They were affected by terahertz radiation at the frequency of 0.14 terahertz (THz) in the presence of thermal gradient, electric field or without these influences. The temporal dependencies of photoconductivity, temperature difference and voltage drop were measured. The obtained data demonstrate the possibility for practical use of Bi1−xSbx thin films for THz radiation detection. The results of our work promote the usage of these thermoelectric materials, as well as THz radiation detectors based on them, in various areas of modern THz photonics.

The article attempts to establish the limits of applicability for distinguishing between types of rationality in legal activity on the basis of philosophical criteria. The authors revealed differences in thinking of a legal official, judge and, legislator, due to the peculiarities of their professional activities. Based on V. Stepina's classification of rationality types, the authors of the article try to prove that various specialties in the legal profession respectively require their representatives thinking at the level of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical rationality. Recognition of this distinction will allow substantiating the approaches to training lawyers, as well as explaining different views on the concept of law.

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