A comparative analysis of the performance of SL-SIC (Symbol Level - Serial Interference Cancellation) and CWL-SIC (Codeword Level-SIC) decoders of PD-NOMA (Power Doman - Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) baseband signals in a system with two users is presented. Real signal code constructs (SCC) from the 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution of 3rd Generation Partnership Project) communication standard are used. The performance of CWL-SIC achievable in practice in real systems for all possible designs of a group PD-NOMA signal consisting of different pair combinations of noise-immune SCCs has been obtained. With the help of mathematical modeling, weighting power coefficients are obtained that provide the maximum average performance of the group signal for two user channels. The high efficiency of the CWL-SIC and the expediency of its use in real systems, especially in conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, are shown.
Currently, the fifth generation of mobile communication systems of the 5G NR standard are being introduced all over the world. One of the most important components of these systems are backhaul transport networks connecting the base station and the core of the network. The bandwidth of these networks must be sufficient to carry a large amount of traffic. In this article, we propose a mathematical model for calculating the throughput of backhaul networks, which can be used in the design of 5G infrastructure. We also consider some important aspects of the 5G architecture, which make fundamental differences from communication networks of previous generations. One of these aspects is the use of distributed base stations, in which radio signal processing units, low-level and high-level protocol processing units are separated not only logically, but also physically, and can also be spatially separated. Thus, 5G systems fit into the concept of cloud networks, due to which it is possible to significantly save resources for infrastructure deployment. However, such a solution increases the requirements for transport networks. Possible approaches to the physical implementation of transport networks are considered, including a fundamentally new solution that integrates radio access and backhaul networks. Finally, taking into account these and other factors, a mathematical model created by us for estimating the required bandwidth of backhaul networks is described. The model is based on calculating the maximum network load in a base station cell, taking into account such parameters as the number of spatial beams, the aggregated number of subcarriers, modulation index, coding rate, etc. The distributed structure of the base station is also taken into account in the model. Three scenarios of 5G base station operation are shown and an estimate of the required throughput of backhaul networks is given for them.
The digital transformation of Russian universities, responding to the challenges and requirements of the new technological order, supposes the formation of an informative and educational environment, including digital infrastructure and technologies that transform the activities of the university in accordance with the conditions and requirements of the digital economy. Today, 20 leading universities are involved in the development and testing of the “digital university” model, which have included digital transformation modules in the strategic development programs and use project activities as the main tool for organizing the basic processes of RPS implementation. However, program presents a business model and there is practically no financial model that interprets the ratio of costs and benefits from digitalization projects. The financial outline of the university’s digital transformation strategy proposed in the study proves the feasibility of developing project financing in the field of higher education and makes it possible to form information-resource and financial models of basic projects of the university’s digital transformation strategy.
The implementation of global goals and strategic tasks to improve the status of Russia as one of the leading world powers in scientific research and the quality of education requires significant adjustments, both the conceptual basis of its financial support and financial models of state support for education. The constant underfunding of education and science over the past decades is a natural result of the neoliberal market approach to the financial provision of the social sphere. Globalization, internationalization and digitalization of science and education, the need for resource support for massive open online learning bring market and state funding models closer together, focused on diversifying financial sources. The theoretical basis of multichannel financing, based on the principles of A. Ya. financial models of state support for education, taking into account modern trends in the socio-economic, scientific and educational spheres. According to the authors, they consist in the development of appropriate instruments for project and investment financing aimed at improving the mechanisms and institutions of state support, focused on the implementation of national goals and interests.
This paper represents the results of national and infrastructure project funding shortfalls study and determined implementation risks of such projects attributed to the Russian export market fluctuations, additional budget expenses in terms of the pandemic and upon the slowdown of macroeconomic indicators’ growth. In order to neutralize risks of national project implementation and cover requirements in infrastructure investments the study proposes the financial instruments of Public Private Partnership (PPP) institute, including instruments for update and development of project financial support mechanism providing the sustainable development of regional economy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.