In the study linguistic-and-ecological approach is used for describing the reference book of regional toponyms The Names of Settlements in the Volgograd Region as a lexicographic issue. Dictionary entry zones are described and the most complex issues of their compilation are indicated. The authors have characterized the entry zone The Degree of Name Uniqueness within the Region, represented in the onomastic dictionaries for the first time. The four successive stages in oikonym uniqueness gradation have been identified, that enables making adjustments to the directories and reference books while nominating settlements. The zone of the dictionary entry Syntactic Characteristic of the Head Unit in Combination with the Appellative, the introduction of which is stipulated by the variability of such combinations in speech practice, contains information about case parallelism between the oikonym and the appellative, or its absence. The zone of the dictionary entry Ottoponymic Derivatives of the Vocabulary Unit reveals the possibility of forming relative adjectives and nouns naming the inhabitants of a particular locality. Dictionary entries in the reference book are drawn up taking into account the linguistic-and-ecological criteria developed by the authors for the toponymic names.
The article considers the principles of forming the meaning of verbs formed from nouns. Intralinguistic and extralinguistic features contribute the formation of the semantics of verbal units. Two groups of verbs are characterized, differentiated depending on the hierarchical structure of semantic features in the structure of contextual refiners or motivating substance. The first group includes verbs, in the semantic structure of which the contextual refiners are nuclear seme. It is shown that the semantics of such verbs outside the context is not uniquely determined. This leads to the formation of the occasional meaning, which is created in speech use and not fixed in dictionaries. The semantic structure of new formation is based on the semes of words that make up the context environment, the verbs of the first group have the potential to denote any process that is in any way connected with the producing noun. The second group consists of verbs, in the semantic structure of which the semes of the motivating noun is nuclear, which determines the predictability of the meaning of the derived verb. This meaning can be called innovative. In the basis innovative meaning is seme of the motivating nouns in a particular speech use and has the potential to get a fixation in the dictionary as one of the lexical-semantic variants. The source of the analysis of verbal units was the publication of modern media. Волгоградский государственный университет, г. Волгоград, РоссияАннотация. В статье рассматриваются принципы формирования значения глаголов, образованных от имен существительных. Выявлены интра-и экстралингвистические признаки, способствующие становлению семантики глагольной единицы. Характеризуются две группы глаголов, дифференцированные в зависимости от иерархического строения семантических признаков в структуре контекстуальных уточнителей или мотивирующего субстантива. К первой группе относятся глаголы, в семантической структуре которых ядерными являются семы контекстуальных уточнителей. Показано, что семантика таких глаголов вне контекста не определяется однозначно. Это приводит к формированию окказионального значения, которое создается в речевом употреблении и не зафиксировано в словарях. Поскольку в основу семантической структуры новообразований входят семы слов, которые составляют контекстное окружение, глаголы первой группы облада-
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Abstract-This article studies the problems of teaching lexis and reading to foreign students with the help of ethnicallyfocused language material. It provides examples of toponymic names of Volgograd Oblast, which have emerged due to various intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors, provides linguistical, historical and cultural information, demonstrates how toponymic meaning aspects represent the mental component and distinguishes ethnocultural information as a system of knowledge, perception and evaluation describing the external world.
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