Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with a digoxin-bovine serum albumin conjugate were fused with P3-X63-Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells. Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAb) selected by indirect ELISA were produced, purified and characterized. All the MAb were IgG1 isotypes. The apparent equilibrium association constants (Ka) of four of the MAb, determined by Scatchard analysis of the RIA data, ranged from 1 x 10(9) M-1 to 5.9 x 10(9) M-1. The estimated Ka values of the three other MAb were found to be between 4.8 x 10(7) M-1 and 5.9 x 10(8) M-1. Using digoxin and eighteen structurally-related compounds, the seven MAb could be divided into five groups based on their binding specificities assessed by an inhibition immunoenzymatic test. The MAb in Groups I and II, in particular, showed very different specificity profiles: the two MAb in Group I had low cross-reactivity with cardioinactive digoxin metabolites, whereas the high affinity MAb in Group II recognized all the digoxin metabolites tested. The MAb in Group I might be useful in a digoxin immunoassay and the Group II MAb in therapeutic reversal of digoxin intoxication.
Objective: Education of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is proven effective to improve the quality of life of patients. But more information is still required to find COPD patients needs in therapy. The authors set to explore perceptions, expectations, and needs of COPD patients as a part of pharmaceutical services.Methods: This is a study of qualitative phenomenology analysis conducted in four hospitals in Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. The study interviews 14 patients diagnosed with COPD for at least three months and aged ≥40 y old. Patients are interviewed about their perceptions, expectations, and needs about education experienced by them.Results: All patients consider that education is important. Some of them think this education must be offered by a medical practitioner when they visit the hospital. This matter is less understood by the hospital. This matter results in the poor treatment of COPD patients and failure. Patients only receive education when they are diagnosed by a physician. Further education is not given if patients do not ask. Education material should cover causes of COPD, progression, and subsequent medication.
Conclusion:Education for COPD patients support treatment offered by medical practitioners. Education need room reserved for this purpose. Pharmacists also need to support this education by monitoring drug therapy and informs COPD patients about prescribed drugs.
Antibiotik merupakan obat yang harus dapat pengawasan lebih dari tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat. Banyak pasien yang sudah resisten terhadap golongan antibiotik dengan afinitas tinggi, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi nosokomial, salah satunya adalah infeksi MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi antibiotik definitif yang digunakan pada pasien MRSA, serta melihat hubungan kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik berdasarkan guideline terhadap clinical outcome pada pasien dewasa dengan infeksi MRSA di rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasional deskriptif-analitik, dengan desain cohort retrospektif untuk melihat hubungan kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan Guideline Keputusan Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), Infection Diseases Society of America (IDSA), dan John Hopkin terhadap dengan clinical outcome pasien. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien dewasa dengan infeksi MRSA di rawat inap RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta periode 1 Januari 2018-31 Mei 2019. Hasil akan dianalisa dengan uji nonparametric test untuk melihat hubungan kesesuaian antibiotik definitif terhadap clinical outcome.Pada penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah sampel yang masuk kriteria inklusi berjumlah 68 pasien. Karakteristik pasien diperoleh rata-rata berumur 47 tahun, pasien terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu 39 pasien (57,3%) dan perempuan 29 (42,7%). Dari 68 pasien, terdapat 74 kasus penyesuaian antibiotik. Jumlah kasus yang sesuai berdasarkan Guideline sebanyak 6 kasus dan ketidaksesuaian sebanyak 68 kasus. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik definitif dengan clinical outcome pasien, ditunjukkan dengan penghitungan berdasarkan nonparametric test (p>0,05).
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