This work investigates the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the enzymatic hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil. Experiments evaluate the effect of different enzymes and the addition of salts, surfactants, and solvents to the reaction medium, as well as the effect of process variables. Results showed that FFA yields obtained for use of Lipozyme RM IM were higher than those obtained from Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435. The addition of salts and surfactants did not promote increased production of FFAs, while addingn-hexane and heptane to the reaction medium led to an increased reaction rate. It can be observed for the results that the temperature, water : oil mass ratio, and enzyme percentage had positive effects on the FFA yield in the range of 35°C to 55°C, 1 : 20 to 1 : 2, and 1 to 15%, respectively, and that, from these limits, increases in these variables did not cause significant increase in FFA yields. The addition of buffer promoted an increase in yield FFAs, as well as the pH of the buffer, and it was reported that an agitation of 400 rpm resulted in the highest yields in the investigated range.
<p align = "justify">O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a utilização do ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) como catalisador na reação de esterificação dos ácidos graxos livres (AGLs) do óleo da polpa de Macaúba utilizando metanol e etanol. Os experimentos avaliaram o efeito do percentual de catalisador, razão molar AGLs:álcool, temperatura e tempo de reação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o metanol é mais eficiente na esterificação dos AGLs, quando comparado ao etanol. Verificou-se que o aumento do percentual de catalisador influenciou significativamente no aumento da conversão da reação, para ambos os alcoóis. Avaliou-se o efeito da razão molar (AGL:álcool) de 1:1; 1:6; 1:9; 1:12; 1:15 e 1:18, sendo verificadas para o etanol conversões de ~61% sob a razão molar 1:9, e conversões na ordem de 93% foram obtidas sob razão molar 1:18 para o metanol. Em razão molar AGLs:metanol 1:18, 2% de catalisador e 60 minutos de reação, verificou-se que o aumento da temperatura reacional promoveu aumento na conversão dos AGLs na faixa de 30 ºC a 50 ºC. </p>
ResumoO presente trabalho objetivou investigar a hidrólise enzimática do óleo de Macaúba, visando obter um hidrolisado rico em ácidos graxos livres (AGLs), para posterior utilização na etapa de esterificação. O efeito das variáveis do processo (percentual de catalisador, temperatura e teor de água), foi avaliado sob o rendimento em AGL, utilizando um planejamento experimental fatorial 23, em que o efeito positivo e significativo das variáveis foi verificado. Os resultados relatam rendimentos de 50,5% em AGLs em 6 horas de reação, a 60ºC, percentual de água de 15% (m/m) e percentual de catalisador de 5% (m/m). Palavras-chave: Hidrólise. Macaúba. Ácidos graxos livres.
AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of oil Macaúba, to obtain a hydrolyzate rich in free fatty acids (FFA) for later use in step esterification. The effect of process variables (percentage of catalyst, temperature and water content) was evaluated in the FFA yield, using a factorial experimental design 23, where the positive and significant effect of the variables was observed. The results reported yields of 50.5% in FFA in 6 hours of reaction at 60ºC, water percentage of 15 wt% and catalyst percentage of 5 wt%.
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