ABSTRACT:Coir fiber native to the Brazilian northeast coast has been characterized by mechanical, thermal, and microscopy techniques. The tensile strength, initial modulus, and elongation at break were evaluated for untreated and alkaline-treated fibers. The results showed an enhancement of mechanical properties after 48-h soaking in 5 wt % NaOH. The thermal stability slightly decreased after this alkaline treatment. A thermal event was observed between 28 and 38°C. The heat capacity, C p , as a function of temperature curves between Ϫ70 and 150°C, were obtained for the untreated and alkaline-treated coir fibers. The morphologies of the coir-fiber surfaces and cross sections were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The properties and the morphologies were discussed, comparing the native Brazilian coir fiber with the more extensively studied native Indian coir fiber.
: a djsouza@uenf.br , b eligio@uenf.br , c sanchez@uenf.br. RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto que o conteúdo do co-monômero 3-hidroxivalerato exerce na cinética de degradação térmica de copolímeros P3(HB-x%HV). Filmes dos copolímeros, com diferentes conteúdos de co-monômero 3-hidroxivalerato, foram obtidos pela evaporação controlada de solvente, a partir de suas soluções em clorofórmio (1%m/m). Para o estudo termogramétrico (TGA), foram utilizados 10±0,3 mg de cada amostra, panelas de platina e atmosfera de He (100mL/min). O estudo cinético foi realizado em condições isotérmicas e não isotérmicas. Para as duas condições de análise, foi observado que os copoliésteres estudados apresentaram uma etapa de degradação definida em um curto intervalo de tempo. A análise da cinética do processo de degradação térmica, realizado segundo os métodos isoconversionais de Friedman e Ozawa-Wall-Flynn, indica que a energia de ativação envolvida no processo de degradação térmica é dependente da fração de conversão de massa. Tal dependência pode estar relacionada à ocorrência de clivagem de ligações covalentes com diferentes energias de ligação. Outro fator que pode contribuir para este comportamento é a diferença estrutural provocada pelos co-monômeros 3HB e 3HV. Os resultados obtidos indicam a necessidade de um controle na distribuição das unidades de 3HV, com vista a uma maior estabilidade térmica dos copolímeros. O aumento da estabilidade e, assim, da processabilidade destes copolímeros a partir do fundido, amplia as possibilidades de utilização destes poliésteres ambientalmente corretos. Palavras-chaves:Poli(3-hidroxialcanoatos), degradação térmica, cinética de degradação térmica. Impact of co-monomer hydroxyvalerate on thermal degradation kinetics of P3(HB-x% HV) copolymers ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the impact that the content of the co-3-hydroxyvalerate monomer has on thermal degradation kinetics of P3(HB-x%HV) copolymers. Films of the copolymers with different contents of 3-hydroxyvalerate were obtained by controlled evaporation of solvent from chloroform solution (1% m/m). Thermogravimetry study was carried out in helium atmosphere, platinum pans and sample mass about 10 ± 0.3 mg. The thermal degradation kinetic study was made on isothermal conditions and non-isothermal conditions. For the two conditions of analysis, it was observed that the copolyester studied presented a defined stage of degradation in a short time interval. The analysis of thermal degradation kinetics carried out by the isoconversional methods of Friedman and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall showed that the activation energy for the process of thermal degradation is dependent on the fraction of mass conversion. Such dependence may be related to the occurrence of cleavage of covalent bonds with different bonding energies. Other characteristic could be the structural differences caused by co-monomers 3HB and 3HV. The results obtained indicate the need to control the distribution of 3HV units to improve the thermal stability of the p...
The use of natural lignocellulosic fibers has become popular all over the world, as they are abundant, low-cost materials that favor a series of technological properties when used in cementitious composites. Due to its climate and geographic characteristics, Brazil has an abundant variety of natural fibers that have great potential for use in civil construction. The objective of this work is to present the main concepts about lignocellulosic fibers in cementitious composites, highlighting the innovation and advances in this topic in relation to countries such as Brazil, which has a worldwide prominence in the production of natural fibers. For this, some common characteristics of lignocellulosic fibers will be observed, such as their source, their proportion of natural polymers (biological structure of the fiber), their density and other mechanical characteristics. This information is compared with the mechanical characteristics of synthetic fibers to analyze the performance of composites reinforced with both types of fibers. Despite being inferior in tensile and flexural strength, composites made from vegetable fibers have an advantage in relation to their low density. The interface between the fiber and the composite matrix is what will define the final characteristics of the composite material. Due to this, different fibers (reinforcement materials) were analyzed in the literature in order to observe their characteristics in cementitious composites. Finally, the different surface treatments through which the fibers undergo will determine the fiber–matrix interface and the final characteristics of the cementitious composite.
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