Peatland in Indonesia has a potential for maize cultivation, but it has constraints that low of soil pH and of nutrient availability. Use of ameliorants from coastal sediment and salted fish waste was an alternative to improve peatlands productivity and maize yields. Objective of the study was to examine effects of coastal sediment and salted fish waste on growth and yield of maize at three kinds of soil of peatlands of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This research was conducted in field using Inter-area analysis design. The first factor was combination of each ameliorants which consisted of 5 levels, namely: 1) treatment under farmer custom at the sites (control); 2) coastal sediment of 20 Mg ha-1 + 0.75 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1; 3) coastal sediment of 40 Mg ha-1 + 1.5 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1, 4) coastal sediment of 60 Mg ha-1 + 2.25 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1. The second factor was soil types which consisted of three levels, namely: Typic Haplohemists, Typic Sulfisaprists and Typic Haplosaprists. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results showed that combination of 40 Mg ha-1 of coastal sediment and 1.5 Mg ha-1 of salted fish waste was the best combination for all soil type. It increased plant height (33% - 44%), shoot dry weight (74% - 75%), number of seeds per cob (31% -110%), weight of 100 seeds (58% -71%) and dry grain weight per plant (136 % -160 %) at each soil. The highest yield was found in soil of Typic Haplosaprists (219.54 g), followed by Typic Sulfisaprists (210.72 g) and Typic Haplohemists (208.82 g).Keywords: Coastal sediment, maize, peat soils, salted fish waste [How to Cite: Denah S, BH Sunarminto, D Shiddieq and D Indradewa. 2014. Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan. J Trop Soils 19: 35-41. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.35]
Continuous growing cassava on dry land reduces soil quality and fertility, and decreases cassava yield. Returning the crop residues is expected to reduce the rate of decline in soil fertility. This study was aimed to determine the effect of returning groundnut residues and maize stover on improving soil fertility and soil quality of dry land. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted at Iletri Malang in 2012. Laboratory study was to determine the N mineralization. The treatments were combination of crop residues and soil status. The crop residues consisted of groundnut residue; maize stover; 50% of groundnut + 50% of maize; 66% of groundnut + 34% of maize; 34% of groundnut + 66% of maize; and no application of crop residue. The soil status were soil planted to cassava in less than 10 years; and soil planted to cassava in more than 30 years. The twelve treatment combinations were arranged in a completely randomized design in three replicates. The soil treatments were incubated for 14 to 84 days. N mineralization was estimated using the first order equation. Similar twelve soil treatments were tested in the green house, using 15 kg treated soil, and were arranged in a randomized block design in three replicates. Treatments were incubated for twelve days before planted with cassava, which was harvested after the crop was three mounth old. In greenhouse experiment data were collected for pH, N and C in total, NH 4+ , NO 3-, N labile fractions, C labile fractions and uptake of N, P, K. Results showed that application of groundnut + maize residues of 2 to 1 ratio, increased the rate of K mineralization by 27-32% and increased the amount of mineralized N by 171-222%, as compared with that of no residues application. Application of groundnut maize + residues of 1 to 1 ratio or groundnut maize residues of 2 to 1 ratio was able to improve soil fertility as indicated by the increases of the availability of total N, C-organic, NH 4 + and NO 3-. Soil quality improved with the increasing of the soil quality variables namely N and C labile fractions. The treatments also increased the uptake of N, P and K by cassava plant. Returning the crop residues of groundnut mixed with that of maize had restored the soil fertility of dry land continuously planted to cassava.
Effect of Coated Urea with Humic-Calcium on Transformation of Nitrogen in Coastal Sandy Soil: A Soil Column Method (Sulakhudin, A Syukur, D Shiddieq and T Yuwono): In coastal sandy soil, mainly nitrogen losses due to leaching resulted to low fertilizer efficiency. Slow-release N fertilizers are proposed to minimize these losses, and humic-calcium coated urea has been examined. A soil column method was used to compare the effects of coated urea with humic-calcium on transformation and leaching loss of N in coastal sandy soil. The experiment aid to compare two kind source humic substances (cow manure and peat) which mixed with calcium as coated urea on transformation, vertical distribution and leaching N in coastal sandy soil. The concentration of humic-calcium coated urea i.e.1%, 5% and 10% based on their weight. The results showed that urea coated with humic-calcium from cow manure (UCHM) and humic-calcium from peat (UCHP) increased the N total and available N in the soil and decreased leaching loss of N from the soil column. Compare to UCHP, UCHM in all concentration showed N-nitrate higher than N-ammonium on incubation length 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The N leached from a costal sandy soil with application coated urea with UCHM ranged from 21.18% to 23.72% of the total N added as fertilizer, for coated urea with UCHP they ranged between 21.44% and 23.25%, whereas for urea (control) reach 29.48%. Leaching losses of mineral N were lower when urea coated with UCHM compared to urea coated with UCHP or urea fertilizer. The study concluded that the UCHM is better than UCHP in decreasing N leached from coastal sandy soil.
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