BackgroundIdentifying modifiable factors that influence the epidemiology of colorectal cancer incidence among multiethnic groups might be informative for the development of public health strategies targeting the disease. Minimal data exists describing the impact of physical activity on colorectal polyp risk in United States minority populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of exercise on the prevalence of polyps in a multiethnic colorectal cancer screening population.ResultsWe enrolled 982 patients: 558 Hispanic, 202 Asian,149 Black, and 69 White. Patients who reported exercising one or more hours weekly had a lower prevalence of any polyps (25.3% vs 33.2%, P = 0.008) as well as adenomas (13.8 vs. 18.9%, P = 0.03) compared to those who did not exercise. Black and Hispanic patients and those who were overweight or obese also had lower prevalence of polyps if they led an active lifestyle. Multivariate analysis revealed that age >55, male sex, and Black race/ethnicity were positively associated with the presence of adenomas, while a history of exercising one hour or more weekly was an independent negative predictor for the presence of adenomas anywhere in the colon (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.4 - 0.9, P = 0.03).ConclusionsExercising one hour per week was associated with a lower prevalence of polyps and adenomas when compared to those who exercised less or not at all. An active lifestyle provides benefits to groups who are at risk for colorectal cancer, such as Blacks. It also provides significant protection to overweight and obese individuals. Public health initiatives should promote physical activity as a cancer prevention tool in multiethnic populations.Trial registrationnone
Objective-To comparatively evaluate a new nested set of primers designed for the detection of H.pylori targeting a highly conserved heat shock protein gene (Hsp60).Methods-A total of 60 subjects having peptic ulcer diseases were tested for the detection of H.pylori using rapid urease test (RUT), histology, culture and PCR in their antral biopsy specimens. A newly designed Hsp60 gene based primers set was evaluated against commonly used PCR primers for detection of H.pylori.Results-Forty six of the 60 study subjects were found positive for culture isolation and all the 46 culture positive specimens were also positive with Hsp60 gene PCR. Of the 46 culture positive specimens, 44 were positive for 16S r RNA gene, ureC gene, RUT and histology while only 29 were positive with ureA gene PCR. Of the 14 culture negative subject, 10 were positive with 16S r RNA gene , 4 were positive with ureC (glmM) gene PCR and 2 were positive with RUT and 1 was positive on histology.Conclusion-This study shows that nested amplification targeting Hsp60 gene is the most sensitive and specific with LR + and LR − values of ∞ and 0 respectively when compared with the other 3 PCR methods. Also HSP60 gene specific nested protocol was the most appropriate for detection of H. pylori in clinical specimens. This is particularly valuable because it can be used as a non invasive method for detecting H. pylori infection in young children and also, in follow-up studies with peptic ulcer patients, on samples like feces and saliva.
The prevalence of hypogonadism was unexpectedly high. Measurement of FT or BAT detected a higher prevalence than TT alone, which confirmed previous studies. Correlation of T with FACT-P showed significant reduction of both overall QoL and sexual function for hypogonadal men. BAT and FT levels showed a stronger correlation than TT with overall FACT-P and subscales. The prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism in male patients with cancer exceeds that found in comparable studies in noncancer populations.
Helicobacter pylori remains a controversial organism with regards to humans, its epidemiology still unclear nearly two decades after discovery. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of the organism in the gastrointestinal tract in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects to understand its precise natural history in India. A total of 154 specimens were a part of the study. These included gastric biopsies from peptic ulcer disease and Non ulcer dyspepsia subjects, as visualized on endoscopy, saliva and stool samples from apparently normal healthy adults. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed using the primers Hp1, Hp2, Hp3 targeting 16S rRNA gene. A prevalence of 65.1%, 100%, 66.7%, and 73.3% respectively was observed by polymerase chain reaction. No association was observed between the H.pylori status and the disease condition of the patient.
Purpose: To measure the prevalence of nausea and vomiting 2 to 5 days after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods:Sixty-four patients (55% men; 44% women) enrolled onto this cross-sectional study. Fifty-three (83%) had colon cancer and received oxaliplatin biweekly. Eleven (17%) had rectal cancer and received oxaliplatin weekly. We collected data on 23 patients for the first cycle and on 41 patients for the first two cycles, for a total of 105 cycles. Nausea and vomiting was graded using Common Toxicity Criteria. Patients maintained a 7-day postinfusion diary of nausea and vomiting and antiemetic use.Results: All patients received antiemetics and steroids on day 1 of each cycle. For patients with data collected for both cycles, the occurrence of nausea was the same during cycles one and two. Thirty-nine percent used rescue antiemetics in cycle one, and 34% did so in cycle two. Sixty-eight percent of men reported no nausea in cycle one compared with 33% of women; for cycle two, these figures were 67% and 36%, respectively. Eighty-nine percent of patients reported no vomiting in cycle one, and 85% did so in cycle two. Seven patients (11%) had a history of motion sickness; 13 of 28 women (46%) reported history of pregnancyinduced morning sickness. Palonosetron slightly but significantly reduced the occurrence of nausea. Female sex and history of chemotherapy were significant risk factors for nausea. Conclusion:Delayed nausea associated with oxaliplatin was well controlled and evenly divided between grades 1 and 2; vomiting was rare. Factors associated with nausea were intrinsic to the patient and mostly unrelated to the antiemetics used. Sex and previous experience with emesis should be considered for efficient antiemetic management.
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