ABSTRAK ABSTRACTBackground: Chemotherapy often causes side effects such as hematologic toxicity. The degree of toxicity is often associated with genetic polymorphism. This study aims to determine the influence of GSTP1 A313G polymorphism, an enzyme responsible for detoxifying cyclophosphamid, on incidence and severity of cyclophosphamid hematologic toxicity.

The development of technology information in the 4.0 revolution era also affected to education. Higher education is demanded to develop curriculum based on digital literacy and technology literacy. The use of blended learning combines face-to-face methods with Google classroom in the Modul Pengantar Pembelajaran Kedokteran. The purpose of this study is to find out at the learning experiences of students using blended learning. Methods: This is descriptivestudy with cross sectional design. The study sample was first semester students at the Faculty of Medicine at Baiturrahmah University. Data collected through online questionnaire using Google form. Results: The number of respondents was 56 students. As many as 83.9% of students are familiar with the term e-learning or blended learning, 92.9% stated they did not experience difficulties when using google classroom,as many as 92.9% of students recommend google classroom as an effective media to e-learning. Conclusion: the benefits of blended learning can be felt by students, the media deliver learning resources and discussion with students and examine the results of student assignments quickly, and improve student discipline

Penggunaan antipsikotik pada penderita skizofrenia memiliki efek blokade reseptor dopaminergik dan serotonergik yang menimbulkan penurunan gejala skizofrenia. Obat ini juga dapat menimbulkan efek samping berupa peningkatan berat badan yang meningkatkan risiko sindroma metabolik dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keluhan peningkatan berat badan subjektif pada penderita skizofrenia yang mendapat terapi antipsikotik. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan mengikutsertakan 104 subjek penelitian yang terdiagnosis skizofrenia  dan  menjalani terapi rawat jalan di RS HB Saanin Padang. Subjek direkrut secara konsekutif sampling setelah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa subjek yang mendapat terapi obat atipikal, tipikal, dan kombinasi mengeluhkan peningkatan berat badan subjektif masing-masing sebesar 59,6% , 60,0% dan 53,2%.  Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keluhan peningkatan berat badan subjektif pada subjek penelitian yang memperoleh obat antipsikotik terutama golongan atipikal dan kombinasi.

Objectives: Hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy is known to be caused by multiple factors, including genetic factors, such as polymorphisms. The polymorphisms may occur in drug efflux transporter proteins and enzymes involved in drug metabolism. In our study, we investigate the incidence of hematological toxicities and its relation to the haplotype ATP-Binding Cassette B1 (ABCB1) which were polymorphism of C1236T, C3435T, G2677T and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) A313G gene in Indonesian breast-cancer patients who receives anthracycline during chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight breast-cancer patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia who were in the inclusion criteria were recruited in this retrospective cohort study. The DNA of patients was extracted from the peripheral leukocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ABCB1 and GSTP1 were examined by the PCR-RFLP method. Data on patient characteristics and the incidence of hematological toxicity were obtained from patient medical records after three cycles of chemotherapy. Trend of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and anemia were analyzed using the Friedmann test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to understand the association of ABCB1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms with the incidence of anemia and neutropenia. The frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles were determined using the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Results: A decrease of ANC was found after post chemotherapy on cycles 3 (Mean ± SD: 5644.48± 2962.545/mm3 vs 3034.89±2049.635/mm3 ), and the anemia (12.1478±1.50057 gr/dl vs 11.2746± 1.31221 gr/dl) after the patients underwent three chemotherapy cycles (p <0.05). There was no relation between ABCB1 polymorphism, either in each SNP or in the form of haplotype (the combination of more than one SNP) on the incidence of anemia and neutropenia (p> 0.05). In GSTP1 polymorphisms, no correlation between polymorphisms and anemia and neutropenia incidence (p> 0.05) was found. In our study, the ABCB1 and GSTP1 genotypes and alleles frequency distribution showed no deviation from HWE (p> 0.05). Conclusions: Patients who have performed the three cycles of hemotherapy demonstrated a susceptibility to the side effects of hematological toxicity (such as anemia and neutropenia); however, there was no relationship between ABCB1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms to hematological toxicity.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an air flow inhibition disease that often occurs in cigarette exposure to active or passive smokers. Indonesia is one of the developing countries that have a high number of active smokers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of smoking in COPD patients in the city of Padang. This observational descriptive study was conducted by interviewing COPD patients who were admitted to Dr. Rashidin Lung General Hospital and Reksosudiryo Army Hospital. Data is taken from May to September 2018. Data is processed manually and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. A total of 53 subjects were included in this study after signing written informed consent and found the Brinkman index value was heavy at 47.2%, moderate at 22.6% and mild at 30.2%. In this study, it can be concluded that the highest percentage of COPD patients is heavy smokers.

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Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a respiratory tract disease that is non-reversible due to chronic inflammation that occurs in the respiratory tract. The cause of COPD that has been known for a long time is smoking, but several studies have shown that people who do not smoke also suffer from COPD. This study aims to identify the proportion of COPD patients who do not smoke in the city of Padang. Method: 50 patients who had been diagnosed with COPD at the Regional General Hospital in dr. Rashidin and the Reksosudiryo Army Hospital, Padang City were included in this cross-sectional study and conducted interviews. Results: The Proportion of COPD non-smokers was 18% of 50 patients and smokers by 82%. Among nine non-smokers of COPD patients, the highest proportion in patients with male sex was 55.6%, aged over 60 years was 66.7% and normoweight Body Mass Index and overeight was 66.67% Conclusion:This study concluded that people those who do not have a history of smoking can also suffer from COPD with the most cases in the elderly, men and a lower body mass index.

Schizophrenia is ranked 4th of the top 10 diseases that burden worldwide. If the population of Indonesia reaches 200 million, it estimates that around two million have Schizophrenia. Based on Data from the World Health Organization (WHO), it estimates that around 24 million people worldwide have schizophrenia.2  the American Psychiatric Association (APA) were reported the incidence of Schizophrenia in the United States is about 1% of the adult population with a total of more than 2 million people. Schizophrenic patients were treated by antipsychotic agents that act to inhibit dopamine receptors, especially D2, and also inhibit adrenergic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin 5-HT2A. It can manifest side effects like extrapyramidal syndrome, amenorrhea, drowsiness, and others. This research aims to the identification of antipsychotic side effects with Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS). 100 schizophrenics in HB. Saanin Mental Hospital were participating in this descriptive study after fulfilling the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. This study used the GASS questionnaire to interview subjects who were signing informed consent and get an explanation about this study. In this study, 92% of subjects reported mild side effects. The frequent complaints were extrapyramidal effects, sedation and CNS effects, anticholinergic effects, and weight gain (93%,80%,70 0% and 70% respectively). We found women complained of the side effects more often (16.38 ± 5.275) than men (12.58 ± 5.484) significantly with the value P = 0.001. Gass instruments can use screening antipsychotic side effects. This study concludes the most side effects complaints being extrapyramidal and drowsiness, and women more commonly found side effects than men.