Background and Purpose-Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been shown to protect the brain parenchyma against transient focal cerebral ischemia, but its effects on the ischemic microcirculation are largely unknown. We examined the potential of HBO to reduce postischemic blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and edema. Methods-Wistar rats and C57/BL6 mice underwent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 hours. Forty minutes after filament introduction, animals breathed either 100% O 2 at 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ata; HBO group) or at 1.0 ata (control) for 1 hour in an HBO chamber. In rats, MRI was performed 15 minutes after MCAO and after 15 minutes and 3, 6, 24, and 72 hours of reperfusion. In mice, BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein was measured after 24-hour reperfusion. Results-Increased BBB permeability on postcontrast T1-weighted (T1w)

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