Background Globally, perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is a significant cause of most neonatal deaths. Similarly, the burden of birth asphyxia in Ethiopia remains high (22.52%) and has been noted the second leading cause of neonatal mortality. Thus, researches on survival status and predictors of perinatal asphyxia are critical to tackle it. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the survival status and predictors of asphyxia among neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in four selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from January 2016 to December 2020. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Epi-data 4.6 and STATA Version 16 was used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curve, log-rank test and Median time were computed. To find the predictors of time to recovery, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted, and variables with a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Finally, the Schoenfeld residual test was used to check overall model fitness. Result Four hundred eleven admitted asphyxiated babies were followed a total of 3062 neonate-days with a minimum of 1 h to a maximum of 28 days. The Overall incidence density rate of survival was 10 (95% CI: 0.08–0.11) per 100 neonate-days of observation with a median recovery time of 8 days (95% CI: 7.527–8.473). Low birth weight (Adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96), stage II hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (AHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.97), stage III HIE (AHR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27–0.71), seizure (AHR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38—0.97), thrombocytopenia (AHR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.80) and calcium gluconate (AHR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99) were found to be independent predictors of time to recovery of asphyxiated neonates. Conclusion In the current findings, the recovery time was prolonged compared to others finding. This implies early prevention, strict monitoring and taking appropriate measures timely is mandatory before babies transferred into highest stage of HIE and managing complications are recommended to hasten recovery time and increase survival of neonates.

Background. Limited knowledge on the proportion of admission hypothermia and factors of death in hypothermic preterm neonates is hindering early and appropriate interventions in Ethiopia. Thus, studies on the proportion of admission hypothermia and factors of death in hypothermic preterm neonates are critical to enhancing preterm infants’ survival. Methods. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 participants using the systematic sampling method from October 10, 2021, to December 15, 2022. A pretested data extraction tool was used to collect data. EpiData version 4.6 and STATA version 16 were used for data entry and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between independent and outcome variables with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Hosmer and Lemeshow test and variance inflation factor were assessed to check model fitness and collinearity, respectively. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. Of the 398 admitted preterm neonates, 331(83.2%) had hypothermia at admission. Factors that were significantly associated with mortality included outborn babies [Adjusted hazard ratio AOR = 2.18 : 95 % CI (1.03-4.62)], GA less than 32 weeks [ AOR = 6.64 : 95 % CI (1.87-13.58)], weight less than 1500 gram [ AOR = 7.91 : 95 % CI (1.21-15.38)], thrombocytopenia [ AOR = 3.36 : 95 % CI (1.49-7.58)], and kangaroo mother care [ AOR = 0.38 : 95 % CI (0.16-0.88)]. Conclusion. The proportion of admission hypothermia was high. Outborn babies, birth weight less than 1500 gram, gestational age < 32 weeks, being thrombocytopenic, and lack of kangaroo mother care were identified as risk factors for hypothermic preterm neonatal mortality. Preterm labor prevention, improved inborn delivery, and kangaroo mother care may alleviate the high proportion of admission hypothermia and related mortalities in preterm neonates.

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