Online education in its various modes has been growing steadily worldwide due to the confluence of new technologies, global adoption of the Internet, and intensifying demand for a workforce trained periodically for the everevolving digital economy. Online education is on track to become mainstream by 2025. This editorial documents country-level factors that impact quantity and quality of online education. Such factors include industry (business); governments at local, state, and federal levels; country laws; ICT capacity; Internet/mobile technology diffusion; and income and digital divide. We provide implications for country and world organizations concerning online education.

Low-carbon society scenarios visualize social, economic and technological transitions through which societies respond to climate change. This article assesses two paradigms for transiting to a low-carbon future in India. An integrated modelling framework is used for delineating and assessing the alternative development pathways having equal cumulative CO 2 emissions during the first half of the 21st century. The first pathway assumes a conventional development pattern together with a carbon price that aligns India's emissions to an optimal 550 ppmv CO 2 e stabilization global response. The second emissions pathway assumes an underlying sustainable development pattern characterized by diverse response measures typical of the 'sustainability' paradigm. A comparative analysis of the alternative development strategies is presented on multiple indicators such as energy security, air quality, technology stocks and adaptive capacity, and conclusions are drawn.Les scénarios de sociétés sobres en carbone conçoivent des transitions sociales, économiques et technologiques à travers lesquelles la société répond au changement climatique. Ce papier évalue deux paradigmes de transition vers un futur sobre en carbone en Inde. Un cadre de modélisation intégrée est employé pour décliner et évaluer différents axes de développement ayant les mêmes émissions cumulatives de CO 2 pendant la première moitié du 21ème siècle. Le premier axe suppose un mode de développement traditionnel ainsi qu'un prix du carbone qui aligne les émissions de l'Inde à une réponse mondiale de stabilisation optimum de 550 ppmv CO 2 eq. Le second axe adopte un mode de développement durable sous-jacent caricaturé par diverses mesures de réponse typiques du paradigme de « durabilité ». Une analyse comparative des différentes stratégies de développement est présentée sur la base d'indicateurs multiples tels que la sécurité énergétique, qualité de l'air, stocks de technologie et capacité d'adaptation et des conclusions sont tirées.Mots clés: axes de développement; changement climatique; développement durable; fixation du prix du carbone; Inde; mix énergétique; modélisation de scénarios; pays en développement; société faiblement carbonée

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

A new public-private partnership (PPP) model, that is, hybrid annuity model (HAM) was introduced in 2016, to revive investments in the Indian highway infrastructure and to remedy the troubled relationship between the public and private sectors. This model marked a significant policy departure in the management of long-and shortterm public interest, which is inherent to public utilities and service delivery.Through a dispassionate lens, this paper critically examines the extent to which HAM has fulfilled its stated objectives. The analysis of project award data provides mixed empirical evidence of HAM's early success. As a positive policy imperative, HAM has been able to attract private participation in highway infrastructure by readjustment of risk allocations, and hence, it is a welcome step forward in improving public affairs. Worryingly though, HAM also brought about extensive de-risking of the private sector, with evidence of rendering risk retention, that is, "skin-in-the-game" by the less significant private infrastructure investors, and thereby adversely impacting development priorities. We find that HAM has taken the reengagement of private sector two steps back in management of PPP affairs.Recognizing that a true performance assessment is unlikely at this early stage of HAM introduction, the paper adopts a more analytical stance in identifying possible pitfalls

No abstract

No abstract