Agriculture being the backbone of Indian economy also acts as the core of Bihar’s economy, employing 77 per cent of the work force and generating 35 per cent of the state domestic product. Meanwhile, the modernization and improvement of agriculture needs considerable investment. Whereas, Indian agriculture remained as poor man’s occupation institutional credit plays an important role in agricultural development. Thus, Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) provide cheaper credit to agriculture. Descriptive research design is adopted. 120 respondents from Baruna, Chipra and Faziabad in Sampatchak block of Patna district in Bihar was purposively selected for the study since it had more number of co-operative society are present as compared to others. The primary data were collected with the help of interview schedule and the responses were recorded, classified and tabulated and appropriate statistical tools were employed. The results indicated that 48.33 per cent of the respondents were aware of the functions of the co-operative society and 45 per cent of the respondents opined that the co-operative society performance was average in marketing of agricultural products. It also implied that rules, regulations and laws should be enacted and standardized for better regulation of co-operative societies.
India being a sub-tropical country, ideal for fruit and vegetable production and stands as second largest producer of vegetable. Tomato is the most cultivating vegetable crop in Uttar Pradesh but to ensure food security and to impart the new technology to farmers, the knowledge, attitude and adoption level of farmers should be studied. Thus, the present study was formulated in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. Four villages were selected from Ghorwal taluk, 30 respondents from 4 villages constitutes the respondents. Primary data collected from the respondents were analysed with appropriate statistical tools. It can be inferred that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, had agriculture as their main occupation, possess below 1 hectare of land holding, had 3-10 years of experience in tomato cultivation and farming with medium level of mass media exposure, risk taking ability and progressiveness; earns medium level of annual income. Meanwhile, most of them had medium level of knowledge, attitude and adoption. Whereas, socio-economic characteristics like age, education, mass media exposure, annual income, farming experience and progressiveness had positive and significant association with the knowledge and attitude level of respondents.
A prescribing decision model incorporating drug characteristics, professional opinions and past experience was used to predict the choices made by prescribers when selecting a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for inclusion in a formulary. Thirty general practitioners (GPs) and 14 hospital doctors (HDs), most practising within the South East Thames regional health authority, were asked to select either ibuprofen, diclofenac or indomethacin, based on the needs of a described population, and then to answer a questionnaire.Looking at the relative importance of factors influencing the choice of treatment, there was generally a high degree of agreement between HDs and GPs. However, the majority of HDs ranked efficacy as the most important drug characteristic whereas GPs were generally more concerned with side effects. Fundholding GPs ranked cost more highly than did their non-fundholding counterparts, and GPs working in single handed practices were more Muenced by specialists and company representatives than were GPs working in groups. The decision model correctly predicted the drug choice of all the HDs and of 76 per cent of the GPs. These values were considerably better than the 33 per cent that would be predicted based on chance alone.Although various limitations of this type of study are noted, it is hoped that the model could be developed as a valuable tool to assist in understanding complex prescribing issues.
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