This research focuses on the definition and application of a characterization methodology to determine the characteristics of fused deposition modeling 3D printing materials. Commercial short fiber reinforced and unreinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol parts were tested achieving comparison terms. The presented methodology is composed of three classes: thermal analysis, mechanical testing, and material morphology. Filament was tensile tested with specially developed setup for determining the mechanical properties of raw materials. Standardized flexural and tensile samples were printed 100% dense in both materials and tested. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the thermal properties of both materials do not change with successive heating cycles. Thermogravimetric analysis allowed to understand the thermal stability of materials and quantify the amount of fiber in the matrix. Tensile tests indicated that the addition of fibers increases the Young’s modulus by 70.10% but there is lesser withstanding of stress by 28.21%. Flexural tests exhibited an increase in flexural modulus of 191.38% and 5.14% in flexural strength for the reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol, due to the presence of fiber. Microscopic analysis revealed a 12% of void spots and fiber alignment accordingly to the deposition path.
A new two‐stage strategy is disclosed for the preparation of all‐polyamide laminate composites based on polyamide 6 (PA6) matrices reinforced by high volume fractions of polyamide 66 (PA66) textile structures and three different types of nanoclays. In the first stage, PA6 microcapsules (MC) loaded with montmorillonite nanoclays (MMT) are synthesized by activated anionic ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in solution in the presence of three different organically treated MMT brands. In the second stage, the MMT‐loaded MC obtained with controlled molecular weight, composition and granulometry are compression molded in the presence of PA66 textile structures to produce the final dually reinforced laminate composites. Mechanical tests in tension, flexion, and impact for selected composites in this study showed up to 73% increase of the Young's modulus, up to 142% increase of the stress at break, and more than a fivefold increase of the notched impact resistance. The mechanical behavior of the dually reinforced composites was discussed in conjunction with the morphology of the samples studied by optical and electron microscopy, and the matrix crystalline structure as revealed by DSC and microfocus synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:806–820, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hybrid filler systems of carbon-based nanoparticles with different geometry shapes, one-dimensional (1D-) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional (2D-) graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs), were dispersed into epoxy matrix, using an intensive mixer, to evaluate their promising synergistic effects. In this work, the influence of different CNT/GnP ratios on the dispersion level, electrical and mechanical performance of epoxy-based nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the size and number of GnP agglomerates are significantly reduced with the incorporation of CNTs, due to the formation of a co-supporting three-dimensional (3D-) architecture that delays re-agglomeration of the nanoplatelets. The combination of CNTs and GnPs, at an overall concentration of 0.043 wt. %, synergistically increase the mechanical performance and reduce the electrical percolation threshold of nanocomposites comparatively to the single filled systems. The transversal tensile properties, including elastic modulus – E2 and failure strength – Yt, of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were studied and synergetic effects were also found when combining CNTs with GnPs.
The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials in the polymeric matrix of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites has recently received worldwide attention, aiming to enhance their performance and multifunctionality. In this work, different loadings of nanoparticles from the graphene family, including reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), were produced from graphite exfoliation. The mixing conditions for the production of epoxy-based suspensions were optimized using a three-roll mill, by changing the residence time and hydrodynamic shear stresses. The rheological behaviour, electrical conductivity and optical assessment were performed to study the influence of these nanoreinforcements on the resin properties. Afterwards, pristine and modified suspensions containing 0.089 wt. % of rGO or 2.14 wt. % of GNPs were used for manufacturing pre-impregnated materials with carbon fibre volume fractions of approximately 59 %. The nano-enabled CFRPs presented improved transverse electrical conductivity between 48 and 64 % when compared to the reference material. Significant enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness (98.4 %) was found with GNPs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.