In this work, we investigated the influence of concentration of the additional micro-sized particles of Dy40Nd30Al30 and Nd40Cu30Al30 on magnetic properties of the sintered Nd16.5Fe77B6.5
magnets. The additional particles with size in the range of 1–3 μm were prepared by ball milling method and then mixed into micrometer Nd16.5Fe77B6.5 master powder with different weight fractions before magnetic anisotropic pressing, vacuum
sintering and annealing. The results show that the coercivity of the sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets can be improved considerably by introducing additional particles to the grain boundaries. The improvement of the coercivity Hc of the magnets is clearly dependent on the composition
and concentration of the additional microparticles. The Hc increases linearly from 8.5 kOe to 17 kOe with increasing the weight fraction of the Dy40Nd30Al30 microparticles from 0 to 5%. Meanwhile, the coercivity of the magnet reaches a maximum value
of 11.7 kOe with 4 wt% addition of Nd40Cu30Al30. The quite high maximum energy products, (BH)max > 30 MGOe, were also obtained for the magnets added with the microparticles. The obtained hard magnetic parameters of the magnets can be
applied in practice.
Farmers have a long history of adjusting their production practices in response to changing production conditions. Using a multinomial endogenous treatment effects model that accounts for observable and unobservable heterogeneity, this study investigates the adoption and welfare impacts of climate‐resilient practices on Vietnamese rice‐cultivating households. We found evidence of clear and positive welfare impacts from the adoption of canal irrigation (CI) and the joint adoption of agricultural conservation practices (CP) and CI as the main adaptation strategies to increase water stress. More importantly, although farmers with access to CI systems obtained the highest returns, the joint adoption of multiple practices still had substantially high adoption rates and significantly positive effects on rice yield, rice revenue and household income. Our findings indicate that farms' and farmers' characteristics, market information and climatic conditions are generally the main factors driving rice farmers' decisions to adopt climate‐resilient technologies, both individually and jointly. Follow‐up policy interventions should focus on improving CI systems and promoting the joint adoption of climate‐resilient technologies to improve rice farmers' well‐being and enhance their resilience capacity to cope with incoming climatic uncertainty.
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