Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world. Recently, increasing studies have reported alcohol-related depression. However, there is no simple, efficient, and time-saving alcohol-related depression animal model yet....
Along with the excessive use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria has become a public health problem and a great challenge vis-à-vis the control and treatment of bacterial infections. As the natural predators of bacteria, phages have reattracted researchers’ attentions. Phage therapy is regarded as one of the most promising alternative strategies to fight pathogens in the post-antibiotic era. Recently, genetic and chemical engineering methods have been applied in phage modification. Among them, genetic engineering includes the expression of toxin proteins, modification of host recognition receptors, and interference of bacterial phage-resistant pathways. Chemical engineering, meanwhile, involves crosslinking phage coats with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, heavy metal ions, and photothermic matters. Those advances greatly expand the host range of phages and increase their bactericidal efficiency, which sheds light on the application of phage therapy in the control of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This review reports on engineered phages through genetic and chemical approaches. Further, we present the obstacles that this novel antimicrobial has incurred.
A common objective of horizontal integration across different government agencies is to provide customer-centric online one-stop services. In this paper, we firstly analyze the requirements of a government horizon business integration management system (GHBIMS) from technology aspect and then propose an ontology solution for implementing onestop government portal in multi-agent settings. Finally, a typical case is discussed to validate the feasibility of the proposed solution and explain the use of ontology technology in this system.
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