In order to broaden the range of applications for oyster peptides in the food field, the amino acid composition of oyster peptide was analysed, after which the peptide sequence was identified using liquid-mass spectrometry technology. A W 1 /O/W 2 double emulsion was prepared by the two-step shear emulsification method. The W 1 /O/W 2 double emulsion was further freeze-dried after addition of alginate to obtain the final product, and the characteristics of the related product were analysed. The results show that oyster peptides are mainly composed of short peptides with molecular weights between 459.3 Da and 2716.3 Da. Polyglycerol polyrinoleate (PGPR) was selected as the emulsifier and added at 5% of the mass of the oil phase. The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase was O:W = 6:4, and optimal stability of the W 1 /O emulsion was obtained by shearing and emulsifying for 2 min at 12 000 rpm. A superior W 1 /O/W 2 double emulsion can be obtained by secondary emulsification in which the hydrophilic emulsifier Tween 80 was added at 0.8% (w/w) of the mass of the external water phase (W 2 ). The mass ratio of the emulsion to the external water phase was 5:5. The lyophilised product has good re-solubility, with the reconstituted emulsion maintaining the double-emulsion structure. Electronic nose results showed that the peculiar smell of the reconstituted emulsion was significantly lower than that of the oyster peptide solution. The results of this research provide a reference for the development and application of oyster peptides in the field of functional health foods.

Many urban areas affected by flood disasters are also becoming increasingly ecologically and socially fragmented due to the accumulation of vacant properties. While redevelopment is often viewed as the primary objective in regenerating vacant properties, they can also potentially provide ecological and hydrological land uses. Rather than chasing development- based incentives for regenerating vacant lots in high flood-risk communities, a balance should be sought between new developmental land uses and green infrastructure to help counteract stormwater runoff and flood effects, or “Resilience through Regeneration.” This paper uses landscape performance measures to evaluate the economic and hydrologic performance of green infrastructure regeneration projects for three marginalized neighborhoods in Houston, Texas, USA. Each project site is characterized by excessive vacant lots and flood issues. Results suggest that, when using green infrastructure to regenerate vacant properties, 1) flood risk continually decreases, 2) upfront economic costs increase in the short term (when compared to conventional development), and 3) the long-term economic return on investment is much higher.

Comparison of the characteristics of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) protein isolates with and without heat pretreatment before ISP.

Pinctada martensii: protein isolates (PPIs) and polysaccharide complexes of different mixing ratios (10:1, 10:2, 10:3) were prepared at the optimal pH. The characteristics of PPIs and complexes were compared by determination of solubility, emulsifying properties, surface hydrophobicity, thermal properties, rheological behavior, and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Compared with PPIs, the solubility of complexes changed to different degrees, and 10:3 PPI-pectin complex had the highest solubility (10.02 ± 0.68%). The emulsion properties of 10:2 and 10:3 PPI-alginate complexes were significantly higher than produced from other systems. The conjugation of PPI and pectin evidently reduced surface hydrophobicity of PPI. Denaturation temperatures of complexes were generally higher than that of PPIs. The gel network of PPI and complexes was formed within 70-80°C at pH 7.0 and G′ values of complexes were lower than that of PPIs. FT-IR spectroscopy showed O-H stretching of water absorption, C-C and C-O stretching and C-H bending of colloidal polysaccharides were improved in complexes.

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