Beach handball is a growing sport without available scientific data on the type of injuries that occur. The aim of this study is to record the incidence rate, type and severity of injuries in this sport. During the finals of the European Beach Tour 2014, 122 beach handball players completed a self -report questionnaire about the injuries they had sustained during the previous 24 months. The injury incidence rate for male and female was 12/1000h and 11.36/1000h respectively during games, and 1.8/1000h and 4/1000h during training accordingly. Muscle strains were the most common type of injury, while the majority of injuries affected the knee. The return to sports period was within 2 weeks from injury for 62% of male and 64.5% of female athletes. Statistical analysis could not correlate the incidence or severity of injuries in beach handball to any of the analyzed variables. This study showed that injuries in beach handball are similar to team handball, rather than to other "sand" sports.
This paper examines the influence of selected risk factors on injuries among male players of competition handball. Data relating to risk factors were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The factors that were examined were age, height, weight, body mass index, field position, past sport experience, level of competition, pre-season conditioning, number of practices per week, frequency of participation in games, use of prophylactic equipment, use of stretching exercises, and technical training. The questionnaire was administered to 216 male handball players. Nearly half of the players (42.6% or n 0/92) reported that they had been injured during the previous two years. The injury incidence was 8.14 injuries per 1,000 game hours for the preceding two years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables ''use of prophylactic equipment'' and the ''number of practices per week'' contributed significantly to the prediction of an injury in handball players. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to reduce injury occurrence by giving specific attention to players using prophylactic equipment and to the lower-competition-level players.
Background and objectives: Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is an important training and testing tool, especially in the context of evaluating intensity in exercise prescription; however, few studies have examined the validity of prediction equations of HRmax in physically active female adolescents and the role of maturation level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences between measured and predicted HRmax in a sample of physically active female adolescents. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one selected volleyball players (age 13.3 ± 0.7 years, body mass 62.0 ± 7.2 kg, height 1.72 ± 0.06 m) performed a 20 m shuttle run endurance test, and the actual HRmax was compared with Tanaka HRmax (‘208 − 0.7 × age’) and Fox HRmax (‘220 − age’). Results: A large main effect of assessment method on HRmax was found (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.486) with Fox overestimating actual HRmax by 6.8 bpm (95% confidence intervals, CI; 4.2, 9.3) and Tanaka underestimating actual HRmax by −2.6 bpm (95% CI; −5.1, −0.1). The more matured participants had similar actual HRmax (mean difference −2.4 bpm; 95% CI; −6.5, 1.7; p = 0.242, d = −0.28), difference Fox − actual HRmax (1.5 bpm; 95% CI; −2.6, 5.6, p = 0.466, d = 0.17), and difference Tanaka − actual HRmax (1.7 bpm; 95% CI; −2.4, 5.8; p = 0.414, d = 0.19) to the less matured participants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that age-based prediction equations of HRmax developed in adult populations should be applied with caution in physically active female adolescents, and Tanaka should be preferred instead of the Fox equation.
Match analysis and evaluation helps to increase team overall performance, by contributing to the coaching process. Throwing efficiency is an important factor determining the final result. The aim of this study was to analyze throwing effectiveness by shooting area and by playing position among high-level athletes. The sample consisted of 25 handball games analyzed for throwing efficiency. For the statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and x 2 test were used. The average throw per game was 42.36 ± 6.9 and 56.9% of the total throws, ended successfully. The larger number of throws were made from the central attack area and from a medium distance (6-9 meters) with an efficiency of 63.2%, to the left side of the goal at a low height. Test x 2 showed that at the same distance (6-9 meters) throwing efficiency in the central area of the attack (center back player position) had a significant difference comparing to the left side of the attack (left back player position) p <.001 and a significant difference with the right side (right back player position) p <.01. In conclusion, the efficacy of throwing among different attacking areas and player positions, from the same distance, exhibits heterogeneity.
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