Twisting fatigue in multilayer films of Ag-alloy with indium tin oxide on polyethylene terephthalate for flexible electronics devices. Thin Solid Films, 645 pp. 241-252.For guidance on citations see FAQs.
Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin films were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrates and their mechanical flexibility investigated using uniaxial tensile and buckling tests coupled with in situ optical microscopy. The uniaxial fragmentation test demonstrated that the crack onset strain of the IGZO/PEN was ~2.9%, which is slightly higher than that of IGZO/PET. Also, uniaxial tensile crack density analysis suggests that the saturated crack spacing of the film is strongly dependent on the mechanical properties of the underlying polymer substrate. Buckling test results suggest that the crack onset strain (equal to ~ 1.2%, of the IGZO/polymer samples flexed in compression to ~ 5.7 mm concave radius of curvature) is higher than that of the samples flexed with the film being in tension (convex bending) regardless whether the substrate is PEN or PET. The saturated crack density of a-IGZO film under the compression buckling mode is smaller than that of the film under the tensile buckling mode. This could be attributed to the fact that the tensile stress encouraged this crack formation originating from surface defects in the coating. It could also be due to the buckling delamination of the thin coating from the substrate at a lower strain than that at which a crack initiates during flexing in compression. These results provide useful information on the mechanical reliability of a-IGZO films for the development of flexible electronics.
We investigated the electrical and optical properties of ITO/Ag-alloy/ITO films in a corrosive NaCl solution. The effects of bending fatigue combined with aggressive environments provided by the salt solution were also studied. It is shown that exposure to the salt solution can cause the ITO/Ag-alloy/ITO performance to degrade over time. In addition, greater changes in electrical resistance and lower values of optical transmittance were observed at higher concentrations of the salt solution. The combination of stress and corrosion by the aqueous NaCl solution was found to significantly reduce the conductivity of the ITO/Ag-alloy/ITO film. Furthermore, it is shown that the presence of structural defects in the deposited films can provide a driving force to form Ag agglomerations that, in turn, degrade the conductivity of the ITO/Ag-alloy/ITO film. This suggests that defects in the film should be minimized to avoid excessive corrosion.
The area (Dohuk Dam Lake Basin) is located with area of (140) km 2 within the District of Dohuk in Dohuk province, and is bordered from the north by the Mountain Bekhir, and is bordered to the south by Jabal al-Abyad, while from the east it will be surrounded by the Strait of Bessari, and west by The District of Simel, while coordinately the area lies between two latitudes (36,54,500 -36,60,000) north, and longitudes (10 42 49 42-00 60 42) east, and the importance of the study lies in the study of the Dohuk Dam Lake basin by studying its physical geographical characteristics of the area that The primary foundations for the study of landforms. In addition to the geomorphic study of the region using topographic maps, space images and field study, for the purpose of identifying the units and landforms of the region. To achieve this, following the inductive and analytical approach with the aim of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the basic determinants of the research. It begins with data collection, through the development of basic rules in interpreting region variables. The study found that the region has different landforms in its morphological characteristics and has been divided according to its origin into structural erosional landforms Constructional, sedimentation landforms, Karstic landforms and landforms resulting from the mass movement.
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