Introduction: Pandemic situation of COVID 19 had an impact on medical education globally leading to cancellation of lectures, laboratory exercises, clinical postings and exams. To continue with the academic program, the online classes are started in different academic streams in large scale. This came with challenges and new learning opportunities for medical students and potential to adopt some changes. The objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of online classes for medical and dental students of Gandaki Medical College (GMC) during COVID 19 pandemic period in Nepal with questionnaire based survey distributed to the students attending the online classes. Materials and Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional questionnaire based online survey. The questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduate medical and dental students of GMC, Pokhara, Nepal. Result: Amongst the students who responded, majority 205 (98.1%) were attending online classes. The device used by most of the student to attend the classes was smart phone 156 (74.6%). The strength of internet of the students was good in 41 (19.6%) and satisfactory in 99 (47.40%). The internet was disturbed by electricity cut down as responded by 66(31.6%) students. Almost 140 (67%) of the respondents rated the online classes were interactive and 124(59.33%) rated the classes were not disturbing. Despite the classes being interactive and non-disturbing, 162(77.51%) of respondents rated that the online classes were not effective. The online classes with one to 51 number of students showed good interactions as compared to classes with 51 to 100 number of students (p<0.01). There was no differences seen in the effectiveness in online classes between these medical and dental students (p=0.414). Conclusion: Good numbers of students had participated in online classes in medical and dental streams at GMC. The students faced problems in internet connectivity due to electricity cut down. The online classes were not that effective as class room classes. In country like Nepal, various factors affecting the online education should be looked upon to make the online learning effective.
Introduction: Selection of proper tooth shade is one of the most significant factors influencing patients’ aesthetic perception and improved prosthesis acceptance. Guidelines in the dental literature suggest age, sex, colour of skin, hair and eye for selecting tooth shade when past records cannot be obtained. The objective of the study was to observe the most common tooth shade in relation to the skin colour and the prevalence of the same in relation to age and sex. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College from June to August 2019. Vitapan Classical Shade guide was used to select the shade of upper right central incisorin 338 participants. Revlon Foundation Makeup Shade guide was used to determine colour of skin. Participants were examined without facial makeup. Skin colour and teeth shade were examined in daylight at about sametime of the day. Data obtained were computed and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results: Prevalence of tooth shade with high value (lighter shade) was seen in all fair (121, 35.8%), medium (63, 18.6%) and dark skin tones (23, 6.8%). Most common teeth shade in fair individuals was B1 (47, 37.9%), in medium also B1 (25, 7.4%) and dark was B2 (9, 2.7%). Age range of 10 to 35 years had tooth shade with higher value (159, 47.04%). Conclusions: Hence, teeth shade with high value (lighter shade) was prevalent in skin tone of all types in current study. Skin tone was not related to teeth shade selection, teeth became darker with age and females had lighter teeth shade (high value).
Introduction: Dental treatment aims at correction of existing disease; prevention of future diseasewith rehabilitation of patient’s lost functional capacity and aesthetics. Fixed dental prosthesis is anyprosthesis that is cemented to a natural tooth or dental implants abutments that cannot be removedby patient. The success of prosthodontic treatment is related to prosthesis survival, with its ability tofulfil biologic and patient-evaluated objectives with patient satisfaction. This study is aimed to findthe patient satisfaction with fixed prosthodontic treatment. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital among 102patients rehabilitated with fixed dental prosthesis from August to September 2019 after takingethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. (IRC No.1207201918). Convenience sampling was done. The questionnaire assessed patient’s satisfaction offixed prosthesis on the basis of appearance, chewing ability, cleansibility, speech and awarenessof oral hygiene measures for cleaning of the prosthesis. Data entry was done in Microsoft exceland analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version 20.0, point estimate at 95%Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The majority of the patients 87 (85.3%) were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis, at 95%confidence interval (93.5- 81%). Eighty one (79.4%) were satisfied with their chewing ability; 99(97.1%) satisfied with their speech, 78 (76.4%) satisfied with appearance of fixed prosthesis. Ninetyeight patients (96.1%) were aware of oral hygiene measures, out of which only 66 (67.3%) usedinterdental aids for cleaning of their fixed prosthesis. Conclusions: Several factors (chewing ability, appearance, speech, cleansibility of fixed prosthesis)had positive impact on overall satisfaction in majority of the patients. Dentists should continue toemphasise on the significance of maintaining good oral hygiene and use of interdental aids for thelongevity of fixed prosthesis.
Introduction: Dental professionals frequently encounter infectious agents. Those not practicing proper infection control measures are at serious risk of infections. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and satisfaction of dental professionals regarding infection control guidelines to be followed in Prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from August to October 2020 in department of Prosthodontics, Kathmandu Medical College after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. Participants comprised of dental surgeons, interns, students, and faculties who were recruited by convenience sampling. The data on the questionnaire were collected via Google forms and analysed with Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics have been presented as frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 154 questionnaires filled by 39 (25.32%) males and 115 (74.68%) females of mean age of 25.02±4.85 years were analysed. Of all, 25 (16.23%) had never had a lecture and 118 (76.62%) had never had attended clinical demonstration or hands-on workshop on infection control. Only 129 (83.77%) had received immunisation for hepatitis B. Most (144, 93.51%) preferred mouth rinse before any procedure; 145 (94.16%) agreed that disinfection is required between patients; and only 77 (50%) of the participants washed their hands prior to wearing gloves. Majority (123, 79.97%) were not satisfied with their knowledge and performance. Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of participants regarding infection control was found adequate and positive, though lacking in practice. It is recommended that the infection control lectures and clinical demonstrations be increased in curriculum so that no future dentists are deprived of essential knowledge.
Introduction: Dental professionals are at the risk of exposure to wide varieties of microorganisms from blood and saliva of patients to airborne infection from microbial-laden aerosols and spatter created during laboratory procedures. Dental laboratories are usually disregarded when planning effective infection and exposure control measures. Contaminated impression may act as a vehicle for transmission of infectious agents. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the practice of dental technicians towards infection control and to evaluate practice of the same for dental impressions in commercial dental laboratories. Methods: Self-administered standard questionnaire was distributed to 35 dental laboratories and 31 participated in the study. The answers were collected by the investigators themselves. The data obtained were computed and analysed to find the results. Results: Among all dental laboratories, 21 (67.75%) ensure dental impression is disinfected in clinic. 18 (58.06%) wear gloves when receiving clinical items and 27 (87.10%) transfer the items in separate sealed plastic bag. Of all, 25 (80.64%) of the dental laboratories have separate receiving area for dental impression and 23 (74.19%) of the dental technicians continue to wear protective barriers (gloves, mask and apron) during work. In total, 29 (93.55%) of the dental laboratories confirmed, none of their technicians has ever attended any course or training in cross-infection control. Conclusion: The practice of cross-infection control for dental impression in commercial dental laboratories is acceptable. There should be proper guidelines from the regulating body on the protocol of infection control and laboratory waste disposal.
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