Background:The state of Madhya Pradesh has 1.3 million severely malnourished children. Nutrition rehabilitation centers (NRCs) were started in the state to control severe malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of severe malnourished children to less than 1% among children aged 1–5 years.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted from November 2008 to October 2009; 100 children admitted to seven different NRCs in Indore and Ujjain divisions of Madhya Pradesh were observed during their stay at NRCs and the follow-up period to analyze the effect of interventional measures on select anthropometric indicators. Mothers of the children were interviewed on health issues and therapeutic feeding practices at the NRCs using a predesigned and pretested interview schedule.Results:The study group consisted of 48 boys and 52 girls; 60% were between 13 and 36 months of age. 93 children were analyzed for anthropometric indicators following a dropout rate of 7%. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the weight of children at admission and discharge (t=14.552, P<0.001); difference of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) at admission and discharge was statistically significant (t=9.548, P<0.001). The average weight gain during the stay at the centers was 9.25 ± 5.89 g/kg/day. Though the number of severe malnourished children decreased from 85 to 43 following the stay at NRCs (χ2 = 44.195, P<0.001); 48.78% of the children lost weight within 15 days of discharge from the NRCs. Dropout rates of 9.89%, 23.07%, 42.65%, and 61.76% for the study group were obtained during the follow-up period of 6 months for the four follow-up visits conducted 15 days, 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The mothers of the children lacked adequate information on health issues and composition and preparation of therapeutic diets at the centers.Conclusion:The NRCs were effective in improving the condition of admitted children, but the effects were not sustained following discharge due to high drop-out rate and lack of adequate parental awareness. There is an urgent need to link these centers with community-based models for follow-up and improve health education measures to maintain the gains achieved.
BACKGROUND: Currently Government of India is providing comprehensive integrated health care to the rural people under the umbrella of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). A village level community health worker "Accredited Social Health Activist" (ASHA)' acts as an interface between the community and the public health system. OBJECTIVE: To assess the socio-demographic profile of ASHA workers and to evaluate their knowledge and practice of their responsibilities. SETTINGS & DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, Obedullaganj and Sanchi blocks of Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh. METHODS & MATERIAL: A cross-sectional study was conducted at obedullaganj and Sanchi in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh for a period of 1 year from October 2007 to October 2008 The study participants were trained ASHA workers working in the Sanchi & Obedullaganj block. Statistical Analysis: Chi Square test using MS excel & SPSS ver 17. RESULT: Majority of ASHA workers were aware about helping in immunization, accompanying clients for delivery, providing ANC and family planning services as a part of responsibility. About 99% of ASHAs knew registration of births and deaths, assisting Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) in village health planning, creating awareness on basic sanitation and personal hygiene. CONCLUSION: Despite the training given to ASHAs, lacunae still exists in their knowledge regarding various aspects of child health morbidity. Monthly meetings can be used as a platform for the reinforcement of various aspects of child health. Periodical refresher training should be conducted for all of the recruited ASHA workers. In the future training sessions, more emphasis should be given to high risk cases requiring prompt referral. INTRODUCTION: The Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, accountable, affordable, effective and reliable primary health care, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of the population. 1, 2 The Mission adopts a synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health viz. segments of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water. 3 One of the key components of the mission is creating a band of female health volunteers, appropriately named "Accredited Social Health Activist" (ASHA) in each village within the identified States. These village level community health workers would act as a 'bridge' or an interface between the rural people and health service outlets and would play a central role, in achieving national health and population policy goals. 4, 5 Framework of the NRHM underlines ASHA as a health activist in the community. 5 She is expected to Provide primary medical care with her kit, Control of diseases by information, education, sanitation and surveillance, antenatal, natal & postnatal services to women, counseling on family planning, safe abortion, child Immunization and Vitamin A supplementations, change in behavior in breast feeding, birth spacing, sex discrimination, child marriage, girls education,...
Background: Clearing is an important step in the preparation of histological sections, that removes alcohol and other dehydrants from tissues prior to infiltration of the embedding material (usually paraffin wax).Different types of clearing agents are chloroform, Xylene, Toluene, Paraffin, Methyl benzoate and methyl salicylate & Citrus fruit oils.The commonly used clearing agent is xylene that is miscible with both alcohol & parrafin wax. Xylene is supposed to be highly toxic and carcinogenic. As previous research studies have shown the effectiveness of different vegetable oils as clearants, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of coconut oil. Materials and Methods: Two equal halves of 25 oral soft tissue specimens were processed simultaneously in xylene and coconut oil as clearing agents. The Xylenetreated specimens (XY-S) and Coconut oil-treated specimens (CO-S) were checked for gross and histological features and comparison was done between the two groups. Results: Significant shrinkage was noted in XY-S compared to that in COS. No difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality. Morphometrically, there was significant reduction in the mean cell area in XY-S compared to that in COS. Conclusion: Coconut oil may be substituted for the highly hazardous xylene as a clearing agent without compromising the quality of histological details.
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