ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı temelde organofosfatlı pestisidleri intihar amaçlı kullanarak akut zehirlenme tablosu ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma retrospektif ve kesitsel olup, Ocak 2005 ve Aralık 2006 yılları arasında akut organofosfat zehirlenmesi nedeniyle acil servise başvuran 23 olgu değerlendirilmiştir. Sadece akut zehirlenme olgularını içeren çalışmaya kronik zehirlenmeye maruz kalan semptomatik olgular dahil edilmemiştir. Bulgular: Yirmi üç olgunun 13'ü kadındı ve ortalama yaş 31.3±11.9 yıldı. Zehirlenmeler yaz mevsiminde yaygındı. On dokuz olgu (%82.6) hastaneye akşam 17.00 ile sabah 08.00 saatleri arasında başvurmuştu. Tüm olgulardan 15'i çiftçi (%65.2), beşi işsiz (%21.7), ikisi öğrenci (%8.7) ve bir olgu da işçiydi (%4.3). On dört olgunun (%59.8) sosyal güvencesi yoktu. Olgulardan 18'i (%78.3) kırsal alanda veya İzmir dışında ikamet etmekteydi. Olguların üçü yanlışlıkla, 20'si (%87.0) intihar amaçlı toksik maddeyi kullanmıştı. En sık semptom bronşiyal hipersekresyondu (%91.3). Sekiz olgu (%34.8) solunum yetmezliği nedeniyle mekanik ventilatöre bağlandı. Hastanede kalış süresi ortalama beş gündü. Olguların yüzde 13'ü kaybedildi. Olguların tümünde tedavide atropin kullanıldı. Pralidoksim 20 olguda kullanıldı. Kullanılan toplam doz 2-42 gram arasındaydı, ortalama kullanma süresi altı gündü. Sonuç: Organofosfatlı pestisitlerle zehirlenme çiftçiler arasında sık görülmektedir ve büyük çoğunluğu intihar amaçlıdır. AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of acute poisoning by organophosphate pesticides, mainly used for suicidal purposes. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, twenty three cases who presented with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning between January 2005 and December 2006 were evaluated. The diagnosis "acute poisoning" included only acute intoxications and excluded symptomatic poisoning due to chronic intoxication. Results: Of the 23 cases, 13 were women and mean age was 31.3±11.9 years. Poisoning was common in Summer. Nineteen cases (82.6%) were admitted to the emergency between room 17.00 PM and 08.00 AM. Of the 23 cases, 15 (65.2%) were farmers, 5 (21.7%) were unemployed, 2 (8.7%) were students and 1 (4.3%) was a worker. Fourteen cases (59.8%) had no social security. Eighteen cases (78.3%) were residing in the rural area or outside Izmir. Three cases took the toxic substance accidentally and 20 (87.0%) for suicidal purposes. The most common symptom on admission was bronchial hypersecretion (91.3%). Eight patients (34.8%) with respiratory failure required mechanical ventilation. Median duration of hospital stay was 5 days. Overall mortality was 13.0%. Atropine was used in all the cases. Pralidoxime was used in 20 cases with a total amount ranging between 2 and 42g at a median of 6 days. Conclusion: Poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is more common among farmers and the major cause is the suicide. (JAEM 2011; 10: 156-60)
The current COVID-19 pandemic has largely impacted the academic performance of several college students. The present study is concerned with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students pursuing a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) degree. We collected weekly survey data (w=9) of students (n=53) taking calculus courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the self-reported survey data, we investigated the temporal variations in the levels of anxiety, motivation, and confidence of STEM students. Studies on temporal changes to math anxiety are scarce. The present work aims to fill this gap by analyzing longitudinal survey data associated with math anxiety. Furthermore, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as one-way ANOVA, we analyzed the data with respect to gender and academic level. Our results indicated that male and freshman/sophomore (F/Sp) STEM students had higher levels of increased anxiety due to COVID-19. Female and F/Sp STEM students had higher levels of motivation, whereas junior/senior (J/S) and male students exhibited higher levels of confidence. Time series analysis of the data indicated that the levels of motivation and confidence significantly dropped toward the end of the semester, whereas the level of anxiety increased in all groups. Also, the use of math resources (such as tutoring and supplemental instruction) has significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenic agents in nosocomial infections and measure their antimicrobial sensitivity in the intensive care unit. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Between January and October 2007, 250 patients were examined in the intensive care unit of the 1st Internal Medicine Department of Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, which was opened in January 2007. Active and prospective surveillance method based on laboratory data and patients' diagnosis was used for 95 of these patients with hospital-acquired infections. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : During the study period, 137 infection episodes were determined in 95 patients with a diagnosis of nosocomial infections according to the criteria of Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The infection rate was 38%. Urinary tract infection was the most common infection followed by pneumonia and bacteremia. All patients with urinary tract infection had urinary catheterization, 42.5% of the patients with pneumonia had mechanical ventilation and 68.4% with primary bacteremia had central intravenous catheterization. In these infections, 59.1% of the isolated pathogens were gram-negative bacilli, 38.6% were gram-positive bacteria and the remaining 2.1% were Candida spp. Escherichia coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogens identified. In urinary tract infections E. coli and in pneumonia and bacteremia S. aureus was the most common responsible pathogen. Among the gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacilli, high antimicrobial resistance was observed. Resistance to teicoplanin was 14.6% and linezolid was 11.1%, in S. aureus, whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin was 88.8% and vancomycin was 11.1% in Enterococcus spp. Imipenem was determined as the most effective agent against the isolated gram-negative bacteria, followed by cefepime, however, 16.6% of the Acinetobacter spp. and 17.6% of the P. aeruginosa were resistant to imipenem. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : In order to prevent or reduce the nosocomial infections, surveillance methods must be carried out in intensive care units and in the entire hospital.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Intensive care units; cross infection; anti-bacterial agents Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmada, yoğun bakım ünitemizdeki nozokomiyal enfeksiyonların patojen tiplerini belirlemek ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarını ölçmek amaçlandı. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nin Ocak 2007 tarihinde hizmete açılan 1. Dahiliye Kliniği Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde, Ocak-Ekim 2007 tarihleri arasında toplam 250 hasta takip edildi. Bu hastalardan hastane enfeksiyonu tanısı alan 95 hasta için aktif, ileriye dönük, hasta ve laboratuar bulgularına dayalı sürveyans metodu kullanıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Çalışma sürecinde Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezi (CDC) kriterlerine uygun olarak nozokomiyal enfeksiyon teşhisi konulan 95...
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