The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged supply chains more seriously challenged than ever before. During this prolonged global health crisis, supply chain managers were forced to rely primarily on solutions developed for limited and foreseeable crises. This study aimed to understand how well existing solutions facilitated supply chain resilience in the UK perishable goods market. Consistent with this aim, we developed a research model based on the supply chain resilience literature and tested it with covariance-based structural equation modelling. Data were collected from 282 retail employees. Supply chain velocity was the preferred measure of resilience. The findings demonstrate that pandemic-related disruptions have affected resilience-building activities. While both proactive and reactive approaches have promoted resilience building during the pandemic, they have not been sufficient to ameliorate all the pandemic's negative effects. Innovation featured as the most effective factor, followed by robustness, empowerment, and risk management via reduced risk. The effect of firm size was significant only on supply chain risk management, with larger companies more efficiently applying risk management practices. The results emphasise the importance of innovation for supply chain resilience. Regardless of firm size, innovation works for every company. Empowerment is another costless and effective tool. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that innovation and empowerment can help organisations to manage their supply chains effectively during crises. Companies can strengthen their supply chain resilience by developing strong relationships with their supplier and employees.

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: The circulus arteriosus cerebri of the porcupine was investigated in this study. Five porcupines were used. Coloured latex was given from the left ventricles of three and from the communis carotid artery of two porcupines. The circulus arteriosus cerebri was examined after dissection was done. The basilar artery was formed by a merge of the right and left vertebral artery. The caudal communicans artery which was the caudal part of circulus arteriosus cerebri was formed by the basilar artery on crus cerebri. From caudal to cranial, the branches originating from the basilar artery and circulus arteriosus cerebri to cerebrum and cerebellum were as follows: caudal cerebelli artery, media cerebelli artery, rostral cerebelli artery, caudal choroidea artery, artery which extended to the mesencephalon, caudal cerebral artery, internal ophthalmic artery, rostral choroidea artery, media cerebral artery, rami striati and rostral cerebral artery. The rostral cerebral artery dexter and sinister joined to each other by the rostral communicans artery, forming the circulus arteriosus cerebri. It was determined that the internal carotid artery did not participate in the formation of circulus arteriosus cerebri and the arterial blood to the circulus arteriosus cerebri of porcupine is provided via the basilar artery only.

This study examines the changing role of the public sector in Turkey with regard to housing provision since 1950, and particularly since 2000, and seeks to clarify how public intervention has affected housing provision and urban development dynamics in major cities. Three periods may be identified, with central government acting as a regulator in a first period characterized by a ‘housing boom’. During the second period, from 1980 to 2000, a new mass housing law spurred construction activity, although the main beneficiaries of the housing fund tended to be the middle classes. After 2000, contrary to emerging trends in both Northern and Southern European countries, the public sector in Turkey became actively involved in housing provision. During this process, new housing estates were created on greenfield sites on the outskirts of cities, instead of efforts being made to rehabilitate, restore or renew existing housing stock in the cities. Meanwhile, the concept of ‘urban regeneration’ has been opportunistically incorporated into the planning agenda of the public sector, and — under the pretext of regenerating squatter housing areas — existing residents have been moved out, while channels for community participation have been bypassed.

Bu çalışma, Kaya kekliğinde plexus sacralis'in oluşumu ve bu plexus'dan ayrılan dalların araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırmada materyal olarak 40 adet Kaya kekliği kullanıldı. Hayvanlar anesteziye alındıktan sonra vücut boşluğu açığa çıkarıldı. Materyallerin kanlarının boşaltılmasını takiben formaldehit ile tespit edildi. Plexus sacralis'i oluşturan sinirler diseke edildi ve incelendi. Truncus cranialis'ten, n. coxalis caudalis, n. peroneus; truncus medianus'tan, n. tibialis ve truncus caudalis'ten ise n. cutaneus femoris caudalis ile rami musculares'in çıktığı tespit edildi. Plexus sacralis'in ilk kolu olan n. furcalis'in plexus lumbalis'in son kolu ile bağlantılı olduğu görüldü. Plexus sacralis'in beş adet synsacral spinal sinirin ventral dalı tarafından meydana geldiği saptandı. Sonuç olarak, plexus sacralis'i şekillendiren spinal sinirlerin ramus ventralis'lerinin sayısı, seyirleri; plexus'un oluşumu ve dallara ayrılmasında farklılıkların olduğu belirlendi.

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