No abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive cycle both endocrinologically and behaviorally in ewes. Blood samples were analyzed by EIA for progesterone (P 4 ), and RIA for estradiol in order to determine the breeding strategy of non-pregnant (n = 11) and pregnant (n = 9) White Karaman throughout the year in the Middle Anatolia (39.57 0 N, 32.53 0 W), Turkey. Estrous cycle lengths and estrous lengths were 18.36 ± 1.03 days and 35.16 ± 5.95 hours, respectively. The breeding season durations were 283 ± 63.36 days and 229.64 ± 63.74 days according to hormonal and behavioral data respectively (p ≤ 0.01). The highest and lowest data of estrous occurrence frequency was observed in October and June-July, respectively. P 4 levels ranged from 0.01 to 9.0 ng mL -1 throughout the year and from 0.01 to 0.16 ng mL -1 during anestrous. Mean plasma estradiol levels were 8.42 ± 2.51 pg mL -1 during the estrous cycle. Postpartum anestrous durations were 134.8 ± 18.5 and 120.78 ± 29.89 days (n = 9) according to behavioral observation and hormonal data, respectively. P 4 concentration for the months 1 -5 of the gestation period ranged from 4.54 to 15.08 ng mL -1 . P 4 concentrations in 4 th and 5 th months of gestation were higher than the other months (p ≤ 0.01). White Karaman reproductive activity is characterized by an extended breeding season and their relatively insensitivity to photoperiod stimulation allows for efficient out of season lamb production.Ciclo reprodutivo de ovelhas brancas Karaman: comparação da secreção de hormônio ovariano e do comportamento reprodutivo de ovelhas não gestantes e gestantes em condições semi-intensivo RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o ciclo reprodutivo, endocrinológico e o comportamento de ovelhas Karaman. Análises de sangue foram analisadas pelo EIA para progesterona (P 4 ) e RIA para estradiol para determinar as estratégias de reprodução do Karaman Branca de não gestantes (n = 11) e de gestantes (n = 9) durante o todo o ano, em Anatólia, Turkia. O Ciclo estral e a duração do estro foram 18.36 ± 1.03 dias e 35.16 ± 5.95 horas, respectivamente. As durações da época de reprodução foram de 283 ± 63.36 e 229.64 ± 63.74 dias de acordo com os dados hormonais e comportamentais, respectivamente (p ≤ 0.01). Os maiores e menores dados de frequência do estro ocorreram em outubro e junho-julho, respectivamente. Os níveis de P 4 variaram de 0.01 para 9.0 ng ML -1 ao longo do ano e 0.01 -0.16 ng mL -1 durante o cio. Níveis médios do plasma de estradiol foram 8.42 ± 2.51 pg mL -1 durante o ciclo estral. As durações do pós-parto foram de 134.8 ± 18.5 dias e 120.78 ± 29.89 dias (n = 9) de acordo com a observação do comportamento e os dados hormonais, respectivamente. Concentrações de P 4 durante os meses 1 até o 5 do período de gestação variou de 4.54 para 15.08 ng mL -1 . Concentrações de P 4 no quarto e quinto mês de gestação foram maiores do que nos outros meses (p < 0.01). A atividade reprodutiva do White Karaman é caracterizada por um período de reprodução estendido e...

No abstract

With this study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of economically sustainable dairy goat breeding in order to provide sufficient income. For this purpose, in Çanakkale Province, which has 234.408 thousand head goats, mostly dairy goat breeding, 30 enterprises were selected through proportional sampling to determine the herd size for technical herd analysis and economic sustainability in family subsistence. The parameters obtained are milk yield (2.1 L), herd size (168.21 heads), number of animals milked (82.54 heads), milk marketing rate (96.75%). 52.30% of milk production costs are variable costs and 47.70% are fixed costs. Feed costs have the highest share in total production costs with 43.88%. In the enterprises, 68.34% of the total gross production value obtained from goat breeding is milk, 27.06% is Productive Fixture Increase and 4.60% is fertilizer income. The cost of 1 L milk in the enterprises was calculated as 1.73 TL (USD 0.36), (the average rate of 1 USD in 2018 is 4.81 TL). 1 L of goat milk price is 3 TL (USD 0.62), (Canakkale, Turkey, sales price, 2018) considering; It has been determined that the enterprises make an average profit of 1.27 TL / L per liter (42%). With the calculated parameters, a profit of 602.27 TL (125.21 Dollars) was obtained from only milk sales in a production period from a dairy goat. A family of four the poverty line, according to the Turkey Statistical Institute 2018 poverty study results are reported on a monthly 6609.000 TL. As a result of the research, the average milk yield is 2.10 L, and as a result of the calculation made considering the average milking time of 225 days and the profit obtained from it, the number of milky goats that will meet the poverty line for a family of four was determined as 131 heads.

No abstract