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Introduction: Breakfast is often referred to as the most important meal of the day. Evidence suggests that breakfast contributes to wellbeing in a number of areas. First, it is a central component of nutritional wellbeing, contributing to total daily energy and nutrient intake. Nearly 15% of college girls rarely or never ate breakfast, and those who ate breakfast almost every day (and did not often eat between meals) reported slightly but significantly better physical health than skippers. Eating breakfast is important for the health and development of young women. From clinical experience, there is great evidence that the frequency of irregular menstruation and intensity of dysmenorrhea was increased in young women, who were currently skipping meals, suggesting that diet in adolescence has long-lasting adverse effects on reproductive function in young women. Menstrual disorders frequently affect the quality of life of adolescents and young adult women. Breakfast as a part of healthful diet and lifestyle can positively impact children's and young adults' health and wellbeing. Daily eating habits significantly influence menstrual function in young women. We conducted the study to explore the association of skipping breakfast on menstruation. Objectives• To find out the proportion of girls with menstrual irregularity in those skipping breakfast; • To find out effect of breakfast skipping on menstruation among girls of age group 17-22 years. Method and Material:A cross-sectional study was used. The studied sample consisted of 90 female students of a selected college of Bhopal city. Data were collected by using an interviewing questionnaire. Analysis of the findings was done using Epi Info 7 software.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 20+3.66 years. Out of 90 students, 82% were found to have been skipping breakfast for more than 3 days a week. The study also revealed that dysmenorrhea was more in girls who skipped breakfast than in those who had breakfast (P=0.0001).Conclusion: From the above finding, we can conclude that episodes of dysmenorrhea occurred more in female students who skipped the breakfast meal more than those who took breakfast regularly.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the cardiovascular manifestations in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: All patients, attending to the dedicated post-COVID outpatient department of Medicine Department, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences from April 2021 to March 2022, with a history of positive RTPCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at least 2 weeks before presentation, were included in the study. Questionnaire along with patients echocardiogram and echo report, Canadian classification used for angina grading and NYHA classification to classify shortness of breath. A total of 650 patients were assessed for demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, health status, date of symptoms onset, COVID-19 diagnosis, health-care utilization, and the presence of any cardiac or other symptoms at the time of the onset of symptoms (retrospectively) and at follow-up days after symptoms onset. Results: The mean age of the sample (n=650) was 50.34 years. Majority were 346 (53.23%) males. According to responses using Canadian classification for chest pain were 75 (12.5%) Class 2 angina, in NYHA classification, majority 480 (80%) of patients had Class 2 SOB. About 90 (15%) of patients echo showed positive echo findings. The average stay of patients was 7.58+–1.6 days. About 135 (22.5%) of post-COVID patients had cardiac manifestations, majority were male 118 (87.4%). One hundred and two (75.5%) of patients that developed cardiac manifestation had multiple comorbidities, AF (6%) was reported in patients age 62 years and above. NSTEMI was reported in patients with multiple comorbidities. Conclusion: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progresses, the interactions between coexisting cardiovascular disease and acute cardiovascular manifestations have a major implication on the medical community’s understanding of this disease. This suggests the presence of a post-COVID-19 syndrome and highlights the unmet health-care needs in a subgroup of patients with mild or severe COVID-19.

Background: Diarrhea is widely documented as a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in countless developing countries, particularly in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, diarrheal diseases are still leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children below 5 years of age. Objective: The present study done to estimate the association amid maternal factors and prevalence of acute diarrheal illnesses in children below 5 years of age in Chhindwara district. Methods: This community-based and cross-sectional study conducted in the urban field practice area attached to Department of Community Medicine of Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, from January 2019 to December 2019 was aimed to estimate the connotation between maternal factors and prevalence of acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years of age in Indian locations. Study tools included a pre-structured questionnaire. Baseline information of education area was taken from the Urban Primary Health Centre in the catchment area of medical college, Chhindwara. Data were arrived in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to perform analysis. Results: In our study, 310 mothers who used to take bath daily of which 58 (19.9%) had diarrheal episodes, whereas out of 18 mothers who do not take bath daily, 11 (61.1%) had diarrheal episodes. Further, 292 mothers of children who castoff to wash their hands daily earlier the meals of which 58 (15.8%) children had diarrheal events, whereas out of 7 (38.9%) mothers who did not wash their hands before meals, 27 (12%) children had diarrheal incidents. Conclusion: The present study indicated that maternal factors bear an important impact on morbidity caused by diarrhea.

Objectives: For an anesthesiologist, the post-operative phase is just as crucial as the pre-operative and intraoperative periods. Whether a surgery is performed under regional or general anesthesia, the goal should always be to provide patients with a pain-free and comfortable recovery. Spinal anesthesia is frequently used during caesarean sections, but its effects only last for a few hours. As a result, various multidisciplinary analgesia strategies with few side effects have been attempted for postpartum patients to relieve pain because they may also be harmful to the newborn baby’s health. It has already been proven; injecting ropivacaine is a far safer alternative to injecting bupivacaine. We compared local infiltration of injectable ropivacaine alone to both intraperitoneal instillation and local infiltration for post-operative analgesia in individuals who had cesarean surgery. In the present study, intraperitoneal instillation and local infiltration of ropivacaine 0.5% were compared to local infiltration of ropivacaine 0.5% alone for the management of post-operative pain following elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods: Pregnant women in ASA Grades I and II who were having a planned caesarean section under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups at random (R1 and R2 group, each have 30 patients). Patients in Group R1 received a 15 mL injection of 0.5% ropivacaine at the incision site. Patients in Group R2 had intraperitoneal injections of 0.5% ropivacaine in 5 mL before to peritoneal closure and local infiltrations of 10 mL ropivacaine at the site of the incision before skin closure. The duration of the analgesia was calculated by timing the start of the sensory block to a point at which rescue analgesia was sought throughout the post-operative period. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). Data on the hemodynamics and side effects of the patients were also gathered. Results: Group R2 analgesia lasted much longer than that of Group R1 (p<0.05). The mean (±SD) analgesic duration in the R1 and R2 groups was 147.17±4.67 and 170.33±3.69 min, respectively. The mean (SD) VAS scores for Group R1 and Group R2 at the moment of the first analgesic demand were 36.7±5.14 and 32.6±6.52, respectively. Conclusion: When combined with intraperitoneal instillation during spinal anesthesia, inj. ropivacaine 0.5% local infiltration enhances post-operative analgesia in cesarean section procedures.

Background: Though ICDS is the world's largest community-based child nutrition and development program, even after more than 35 years of its implementation the dilemma still exists regarding the extent of utilization and quality of services provided through aanganwadis. .Method: This was a cross-sectional study done in 40 aanganwadis of Bhopal city in a period of three months. Forty aanganwadis were selected from the urban area of Bhopal. Six registered beneficiaries from each of these 40 selected aanganwadis were interviewed.Results: Out of 240 beneficiaries, 35 (14.5) were pregnant women, 40 (16.67 ) were lactating females, 81 (33.75) were mothers of children aged greater than 0-3 years, 49 (20.42) were mothers of children aged 3-6 years, 32 (13.33) were adolescent girls (10-19 years) and 03 (01.25) were women of reproductive age. 166 (69.16%) were satisfied with the services, while the rest 74 (30.84%) were not satisfied with the services. Conclusions:Improvement in the quality of services is the need of the hour to keep the satisfaction and utilization level.

Objective: Thoracic segmental anesthesia, as opposed to general anesthesia (GA), is increasingly preferred by anesthesiologists for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in both sick and healthy patients because it provides favorable operating conditions, a faster block time, and better hemodynamic stability. This study compared the efficacy of two different dosages of hyperbaric bupivacaine administered during segmental spinal anesthesia. Methods: In the current study, 54 American society of anesthesiologists Grade 1 and two patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either Group A, which used 1.5 mL of hyperbaric bupivacaine mixed with 0.5 mL of fentanyl, or Group B, which used 2 mL of hyperbaric bupivacaine mixed with 0.5 mL of fentanyl. Primary objectives were to determine the onset and duration of the sensory and motor block, as well as height of sensory block. Determining the hemodynamic factors and complications were the secondary objectives. The mean, standard deviation, independent t test, Chi-square test, and p-value were used to calculate the data. p<0.05 was regarded as significant. Only some drugs were routinely given to the patient to manage their anxiety, discomfort, shoulder tip pain, etc., before, during, or after operation. Results: Onset of analgesia occurred in 2.5 min for Group A and 2.2 min for Group B. The sensory and motor blocks in Group B lasted longer than in Group A, but the differences were not statistically significant. No patients in either group reported any neurological complications, and there were no discernible differences between the two groups’ hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunctions. Despite some patients experiencing minor discomfort that was easily controlled by midazolam and ketamine in small doses, none of them required the conversion to GA. In two instances, Mephentermine was required to treat hypotension. In every patient, recovery went without a side effect. Conclusion: According to this preliminary study, laparoscopic surgery on healthy people can be performed with segmental spinal anesthesia using low doses of bupivacaine that is just as effective as high doses and present fewer complications.

Introduction: Like all other children, although street children have the basic right to develop, survive and thrive, they encounter innumerable problems. To do so, at first it is necessary to address these children in terms of what problems they face in their everyday life, what is their survival mechanism and in a broad sense their livelihood process. This research is an attempt to shed light on these cruxes in the context of Bhopal city in Madhya Pradesh. The study was conducted with objectives to observe the lifestyle of street children, to identify the problems faced by them, and to assess their survival and coping mechanism in response to the problems they encounter. Methods and Materials:The study was a cross-sectional study to access various problems faced by street adolescents of Bhopal city. Street children were identified using snowballing techniques and data from these street children was obtained via interview using a checklist having various parameters about street children according to study needs. 100 willing street children were identified and enrolled for the study.Results: According to certain indicators like dwelling condition, income level, food habit, education and health, among the street children who were interviewed, 37% were found to be educated below fifth standard and 73% were uneducated. The respondents were of ages 11 to 15 years. Most of them were Hindus. 51% of the children on street used community toilets, 53% practiced open defecation. Most of them did not get sufficient food to eat. Major work reported was serving in hotels, dhabas and begging. Main problem faced during work was heavy workload and less payment received, poor health and vulnerability and verbal abuse. Major coping mechanism was keeping patience and enduring the problems until finding some solution. Conclusion:The present menace of mushrooming of different categories of disadvantaged, abandoned, vulnerable, destitute street living, working and playing children in the cities has posed an intense threat to humanity and child rights. The livelihood trajectories of the street children entangled with terrific and aggregated predicaments and problems is nothing but the presentation of their endangered and chaotic livelihood that requires very selective and careful choice and application of coping mechanisms to survive on the streets.