Products of the polymer industry today are everywhere. They have penetrated both our daily life and the development of high-tech industries. In the current reality, new technologies are developing at a rapid pace and pose new challenges to the polymer industry. However, with the growth of production and consumption of plastics, the problem of recycling waste from the polymer industry has gradually become more acute. This article analyzes the production of plastics, their utilization and assesses the prospects for further development of the industry in developed countries. Separately, the issues of solving these problems in Europe are studied as a model of managing the recycling process and possible borrowing the experience for the Russian economy.
The authors propose the evaluation of the level of development of waste management and the factors associated with effectiveness of waste management in the world. Scientific novelty consists in new principle of the selection of factors. This principle based on the balance between the rate of waste generation and the efficiency of utilization, depending on income level in the countries. As a result, the factors affecting the effectiveness of waste management selected and classified by the method of expert evaluation. The algorithms has been proposed for calculate of the indicators of the intensity of waste generation, of the efficiency of utilization, of the balance of waste, of the overall efficiency of waste management. The evaluation of the effectiveness of waste management was applied by method of score of 217 countries of the world for 2018. The study found a correlation between the effectiveness of waste management and the country's per capita income. This evaluation allows classifying countries on the level of per capita income and by the types of balance between the intensity of waste generation and the efficiency of waste utilization. On this basis the authors proposed to form a balanced policy of waste management.
The sustainable development of the continents depends on the uniform progressive development of European and Asian countries. Environmental issues (waste reduction, increasing the share of recyclable waste, the development of plastic recycling industries) are most important. An irresponsible attitude towards waste processing leads to global climatic and natural disasters. The main role is played by the support of global initiatives in the field of plastic waste processing. One of the ways of interaction between countries can be the formation of a cluster policy in the field of waste processing and disposal. The combined efforts of the chemical clusters of Russia and Europe in the face of the common problem of environmental and climate catastrophe can be its solution.
The article presents an economic analysis of the state of municipal waste generation, utilization and recycling in the countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation. As a basis for the analysis, we used data on the 20 most representative countries that make a significant contribution to the formation of the main macroeconomic indicators of the EU. The results of the implementation of the EU environmental policy, the degree of reflection on the volume of trade in secondary raw materials, private investment in this sector, employment in the processing and recycling sectors, etc. are considered. In addition, a correlation analysis was carried out, which allowed us to determine the degree of dependence of waste disposal and recycling on various indicators, to identify the most significant of them and the main factor affecting the effectiveness of the country’s environmental policy.
The problems of waste disposal at the present stage of development all over the world are the most important. Waste accumulation is an acute problem in all countries. Waste damages the soil, affects the quality of life of the population and damages the vital functions of all living organisms. The decomposition time of some types of garbage is more than 500 years. Rapid population growth increases waste. The problem of their utilization is a promising area of development for all countries. In the countries of the European Union a waste management system has been developed, which gives positive results. The article discusses the main aspects of waste management policy in the countries of the European Union. The data of the general European trend in the formation of household waste for the last two decades are presented. Hypotheses about what factors can influence the correctness of the waste management policy were tested using regression analysis. The recycling rate of waste, the circular material use rate, as well as trade in secondary raw materials were chosen as indicators of the level of development of waste management. The level of GDP, R&D costs, human resources in science and technology were selected as factors of the effectiveness of this policy. Indicators have been identified that have the greatest impact on the degree of waste disposal.
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