Emulgel is one of the recent technologies in Novel DDS used for dual control release of emulsion and gel for topical use. In the present Investigation, topical gel and emulgels of Nimesulide were formulated using 2 3 Factorial Design and Carboplol 934 as a polymer.The oral use of Nimesulide is associated with side effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, epigastric pain, nausea, heartburn, vomiting and diarrhea. Topical application of the drug prevents these side effects and offers potential advantage of delivering the drug at the site of action. The rational of the present study was to increase the penetration of drug into the skin.The Formulations were subjected to various physicochemical studies such as spreading coefficnt, Vioscosity and in vitro release studies. In vitro release of the tests formulations was performed to determine drug release from Gel and emulgel. From the in vitro studies, formulation F4 showed maximum release of 59.58% in 240 min and 45.02% from the Gel. In vitro release studies of the prepared formulation were performed using dialysis membrane and results indicated that Emulgel showed better release than Gel system.
Agri-input dealers play a vital role in guaranteeing that farming communities have access to some of the essential and critical agricultural input that contribute in boosting the agricultural productivity. Besides this, they also contribute towards strengthening the Agricultural Extension System by providing valuable agro-advisory services to the farmers. It is essential that they are equipped with latest scientific know how through refresher training courses. The present study was conducted during 2018-19 in Jhansi district of Bundelkhand region to ascertain training needs of agri-input dealers. Data was collected personally by using well-structured interview schedule of 57 agri-input dealers. Respondents were found to be young age group (50.88%), one-third had higher secondary education (35.09%), sought financial assistance from bank and other financial institution (36.84%) and identification of trade name, chemical name and properties of pesticides have emerged as the most needed training area. Around 84.21 per cent of the respondent’s priorities vegetable among crop specific training needs and 84.21 per cent of the respondents had expressed ‘most needed’ training needs on micro nutrient fertilizers. More than two-third of respondents had expressed their training needs on improved varieties or hybrids of crops for cultivation (89.47%) and training in computer and its application in business is another preferred area. Lack of technical knowledge of different brands of product, fluctuation of sale on season basis and lack of need based training were some of the major constraints faced by agri-input dealers while delivering services. In order to overcome these problems agricultural institution must arrange some training programme which caters the above mentioned training need of input dealers.
The study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of an educational module on brucellosis among commercial dairy farmers. Experimental research design before and after was used to test the effectiveness of the Educational module. A total of 120 commercial dairy farmers were selected and interviewed using a well-structured interview schedule from six districts of Haryana and Punjab States during 2018. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (55%) had not heard about brucellosis and didn’t know causative agent of brucellosis (55%). The majority of the respondents mentioned that they did not know the symptoms of brucellosis, mode of transmission, method of prevention and vaccine used for brucellosis in dairy animals. Before exposure to the educational module, the percentage of knowledge was 12.03 per cent and after exposure 46.54 per cent. Mean knowledge gain was 34.51 per cent. Knowledge gain through educational module on brucellosis in dairy animals was positively and significantly correlated with education, landholding, income, herd size and experience in commercial dairy farming.
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