In patients with chronic diseases education should improve knowledge about the disease and increase certainty in knowledge. We present here a technique to measure changes in certainty after an educational intervention. For this purpose, before and after a course, patients answer a questionnaire in which answers are accompanied by an estimate of the degree of certainty. Answers are then assigned to areas of knowledge defined a priori: mastered (certainty !90%, correctness !90%), hazardous (certainty !90%, correctness 50%), uncertain (certainty 50%, correctness !90%) and residual. Finally differences in the distribution of answers among different areas are analysed statistically. Using this technique in a group of patients with type I diabetes who followed a course on insulin use, we found significant changes in the distribution of answers among different areas of knowledge. Thus changes in certainty can be analysed quantitatively and used to evaluate better the effect of therapeutic education. #
Résumé -Introduction : La confiance ou le doute, justifiés ou non, qu'a un patient dans ses connaissances sur sa maladie influence grandement sa décision d'action ou au contraire de vérification, de demande d'aide. Or lors des vérifi-cations de connaissance, en éducation du patient comme dans le monde scolaire, on demande rarement d'accompagner chaque réponse d'un degré de certitude. Objectifs : Cet article explique comment recueillir les degrés de certitude, notamment par le biais d'un test spectral en modes écrit et oral, et comment les interpréter et les exploiter à des fins formatives. Description : Des concepts et des indices métacognitifs sont exposés et illustrés ainsi que des représen-tations graphiques. Des exemples sont donnés dans le domaine de l'éducation du patient diabétique. Conclusions : L'analyse spectrale de la qualité des réponses des patients est utile, tant pour mesurer le degré de maîtrise de patients individuels que pour évaluer l'efficacité d'une formation reçue par un groupe de patients.Mots clés : degrés de certitude / auto-évaluation / connaissance partielle / degré de maîtrise spectrale / metacognition / patient diabétique Abstract -Patients' partial knowledge: why and how measure it. Introduction: The certainty or the doubt, justified or not, a patient has in his knowledge about his illness influences largely his decision to act or, on the contrary, to verify, to ask for help. Nevertheless, in the process of knowledge assessment, in patient education as well as in classical training systems, respondants are too rarely asked to provide, in addition to each answer to each question, a degree of certainty. Objectives: This paper explains how to collect these degrees of certainty, namely with the help of a spectral test applied in oral mode, and how to interpret and use these data in a formative perspective. Description: Metacognitive concepts and indices are developed and illustrated as well as graphical representations. Examples are provided in the domain of diabetic patients education. Conclusions: Spectral analysis of the responses' qualities is useful to measure individual patients' degree of mastery as well as to evaluate the efficacy of a training applied to a group of patients.Key words: degrees of certainty / self-assessment / partial knowledge / spectral level of mastery / metacognition / diabetic patient
This paper presents the 8 Learning Events Model (8LEM), a pedagogical reference framework which was used, in more than 100 online course, as a starting point for instructional planning. Besides supporting teachers in early stages of the learning design continuum, the paper shows how this learning/teaching model, as a professional development tool, prompts them to diversify the learning methods experienced by students in their courses. A two-pronged rationale about the importance of this diversification with respect to "mathetic" competence development and epistemology is also proposed to discussion.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.