A mathematical optimal control strategy for feeding operation was developed for fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass based on a modified epidemic model. Cellulose conversion was maximized and glucose concentration achieved highest possible value over a fixed hydrolysis time. Boundaries of feeding rate and lignin content were set for feasible controls. Using the optimal control feeding strategy, glucose concentration and accumulated cellulose conversion reached up to 77.31 g/L and 72.08% in 100 h, which are 108.76% and 37.50% higher than in batch hydrolysis with same amount of enzyme consumption. Solids content in feeding source has a significant interference on system mass transfer. Optimal control is a useful tool for guiding operations in fed-batch and continuous processes as it enables process optimization through clear objective functions and feasible controls.
ResumoEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vagens minimamente processadas em função das operações de enxague e sanificação. Vagens cv. Itatiba 2 foram selecionadas, higienizadas, processadas e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: T1 -enxágue somente em água, T2 -enxágue em água, seguido de imersão em solução clorada (100 mg.L -1 ) por 5 minutos, T3 -imersão em solução clorada (100 mg.L -1 ) por 5 minutos e T4 -sem enxágue e sem imersão em solução clorada (controle). As vagens minimamente processadas foram avaliadas quanto à aparência, coloração da superfície de corte e aspectos microbiológicos. Em relação à coloração da superfície de corte, observou-se a partir do nono dia de armazenamento que as vagens do Tratamento 1 apresentaram menor escurecimento em relação às dos demais tratamentos, sendo também melhor aceitas sensorialmente. Salmonella e coliformes a 45ºC não foram detectados em nenhuma amostra dos diferentes tratamentos. Em relação à contagem de coliformes totais observou-se no dia do processamento redução com a sanificação (T2 e T3) e em geral, aumento dos coliformes durante o armazenamento. A contagem total de bactérias psicrotróficas foi > 10 5 UFC.g -1 nas vagens de todos os tratamentos no sexto dia de armazenamento, exceto naquele onde as vagens foram enxaguadas e sanificadas. Portanto, este tratamento é recomendado e garante às vagens minimamente processadas vida útil de até seis dias, limitada pelo crescimento de bactérias. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris L, processamento mínimo, cloro, bactérias, escurecimento AbstractThis work had the purpose to evaluate the quality of the minimally processed snap bean in function of rinse and sanification operations. Snap bean cv. Itatiba 2 were selected, cleaned, processed and submitted to the following treatments: T1 -rinse in water only, T2 -rinse in water, followed by immersion in chlorinated solution (100 mg.L -1 ) for 5 minutes, T3 -immersion in chlorinated solution (100 mg.L -1 ) for 5 minutes and T4 -without rinse and without immersion in chlorinated solution (control). The minimally processed snap beans were assessed for appearance, color of the section surface and microbiological characteristics. About the color of the section surface, it could be noticed from the ninth day of storage that the snap bean of the Treatment 1 showed less darkening in relation to the other treatments, and also better accepted sensorially. It wasn't detected Salmonella and neither coliforms at 45°C in any sample of the different treatments. In relation to the total coliform counts, it could be noticed reduction with
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