RESUMO -Objetivou-se verificar a existência de variação genética entre cultivares de capim-colonião quanto ao efeito da maturidade sobre a composição química e a digestibilidade, e classificar os genótipos de acordo com características produtivas e de qualidade nutricional. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e três repetições, considerando parcelas as datas de corte e subparcelas, os genótipos. A produção de MS diferiu entre os genótipos somente aos 90 dias de crescimento, mas a porcentagem de folhas, colmos e material morto variou tanto aos 60 como aos 90 dias de crescimento. Ao contrário do observado para as folhas, a composição química e a digestibilidade do colmo fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, and lower values of crude protein, when compared to the leaves. It also presented higher digestibility of dry matter at 60 days of growth, and higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber at 30, and at 60 days of growth. Clustering of the cultivars identified the PM39 and PM47 genotypes as the most promising ones in the breeding program, because they showed high productivity and high nutritional quality. Maturity has little effect on leaf digestibility when compared to the stem. When participation of the stem increases in the total of dry matter, this component becomes the major factor limiting quality of forage plants. Therefore, breeding program must consider, in addition to leaf:stem ratio, the in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of the stem when selecting genotypes. IntroduçãoNo Brasil, a produção de bovinos de corte ocorre predominantemente a pasto, onde as pastagens tropicais são as principais fontes de alimento para os ruminantes, sendo sensivelmente mais econômica em relação aos concentrados (Aguiar et al., 2000). O Panicum maximum é uma das espécies de plantas forrageiras mais importantes R. Bras.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da maturidade da planta sobre a qualidade nutricional do colmo de híbridos de milho, para definir critérios de seleção em programas de melhoramento de milho para ensilagem. Foram avaliados 15 híbridos de milho, do programa de melhoramento do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas, SP, colhidos com 90, 120 e 150 dias após a germinação, em experimento com delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. O quarto e o quinto internódios do colmo foram retirados para determinação da composição bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro. Com o avanço da maturidade, houve queda no teor de fibra e aumento no de lignina de ambos os internódios. Observou-se aumento na digestibilidade da matéria seca do quinto internódio, mas não houve mudanças na do quarto internódio. A maturidade também reduziu a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro (DIVFDN) do quarto internódio, mas não a do quinto. A DIVFDN do quarto internódio pode ser utilizada como parâmetro de seleção para aumento da qualidade nutricional de híbridos de milho. Nas três idades de corte, houve grande variabilidade genética dos parâmetros de qualidade, o que realça a possibilidade de implantação de programas de melhoramento genético para qualidade nutricional do milho para ensilagem.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, degradabilidade, lignina, melhoramento genético, parede celular. Stalk nutritive value of corn hybrids harvested at three maturity stagesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant maturing on the stalk nutritional quality of corn hybrids, in order to define selection criteria in breeding programs of maize for silage. Fifteen hybrids from the Instituto Agronômico breeding program in Campinas, SP, Brazil, harvested at 90, 120 and 150 days after germination, were evaluated in a randomized block design, with three replicates. The fourth and fifth stalk internodes were removed for determination of chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. In both internodes, fiber content decreased and lignin content increased as maturity advanced. Dry matter digestibility of the fifth internode increased with maturity, while there was no change in the fourth internode. Maturity reduced neutral detergent fiber digestibility (DIVFDN) of the fourth internode but not of the fifth one. The forth internode DIVFDN can be used as a selection criterium for nutritional quality improvement of corn hybrids. There was great genetic variability of quality parameters, among harvested hybrids at the three maturity stages, which highlights the possibility of implementing breeding programs for nutritional quality of corn for silage.
DEDICATÓRIANowadays there is the recognition that selection criteria that favors grain production can be undesirable for nutritional value of corn silages. Corn hybrids for silage should mature slower with gradual decline of plant moisture, have softer grains and stalk with high fiber digestibility. Therefore, it was our objective to evaluate the effect of age of harvest on the stalk nutritional quality of corn hybrids, aiming to define selection criteria in breeding programs focused on improving the stalk fiber digestibility. It was still our objective the classification of genotypes in groups according to their production and nutritional qualities. internode increased with maturity, while there was no change in the 4 th internode. The fiber digestibility of the 4 th internode was reduced with advanced maturity while there was no effect on the 5 th internode. Fiber digestibility of the 4 th internode was negatively correlated with lignifications, while this correlation was inexistent for the 5 th internode, indicating that the 4 th internode could be used as an indicator of the decrease in stalk fiber digestibility that occurs with advanced maturity of corn hybrids. There was great genetic variability among the 15 genotypes in the three stages of maturity for the quality parameters, highlighting the necessity of careful selection of the material to be used for silage production and the possibility of implementing breeding programs focused on improving the nutritional quality of corn hybrids for silage.
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