We found regional variation in the pattern of distribution of SGN in Nigeria. This is the largest multicenter study of SGN in Nigeria, and our findings are robust and representative of the epidemiology of this neoplasm in Nigeria.
IntroductionOral cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among African populations. Lack of standard cancer registries and under-reporting has inaccurately depicted its magnitude in Nigeria. Development of multi-centre collaborative oral pathology networks such as the African Oral Pathology Research Consortium (AOPRC) facilitates skill and expertise exchange and fosters a robust and systematic investigation of oral diseases across Africa.MethodsIn this descriptive cross-sectional study, we have leveraged the auspices of the AOPRC to examine the burden of oral cancer in Nigeria, using a multi-centre approach. Data from 4 major tertiary health institutions in Western and Southern Nigeria was generated using a standardized data extraction format and analysed using the SPSS data analysis software (version 20.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL).ResultsOf the 162 cases examined across the 4 centres, we observed that oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) occurred mostly in the 6th and 7th decades of life and maxillary were more frequent than mandibular OSCC lesions. Regional variations were observed both for location, age group and gender distribution. Significant regional differences was found between poorly, moderately and well differentiated OSCC (p value = 0.0071).ConclusionA multi-centre collaborative oral pathology research approach is an effective way to achieve better insight into the patterns and distribution of various oral diseases in men of African descent. The wider outlook for AOPRC is to employ similar approaches to drive intensive oral pathology research targeted at addressing the current morbidity and mortality of various oral diseases across Africa.
Study background: In our environment, oral cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases encountered in dental practice. It is frequently diagnosed in the late stages because most patients present late in the course of the disease. This may be attributed to their low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, and some traditional beliefs in alternative native therapies. Some authors have reported on oral cancers specifically in their individual geographic settings; however, there is a paucity of reviews on Oral cancers generally in our environment. This study aims to review the prevalence, awareness and clinicopathologic patterns of oral cancers across the different geographic zones in Nigeria.Methods: Information was sourced from journals, electronic data base such as Medline, Pubmed, Elsevier ScienceDirect and personal research work.Result: Several prevalence rates have been reported in different geopolitical locations in our environment. Orofacial carcinomas were reported mostly in the older age groups while the Orofacial sarcomas were found in the slightly younger age groups. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type. There is a low level of awareness of these lesions among the low socio-economic groups which makes them present late in our health care facilities hence a poor prognosis.
Conclusion:There is a need for increased awareness, advocacy and preventive care and early detection.
Background
This study aims to determine the association between preoperative cytopathological diagnosis and the histopathological diagnosis of orofacial non‐odontogenic tumors. It is also, to determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the preoperative diagnosis of orofacial malignant non‐odontogenic tumors in a Nigerian population.
Methods
A 9‐month prospective study in which preoperative FNAC followed by open biopsy for confirmatory histopathological evaluation was performed for consenting patients with orofacial swellings. Patients histopathologically diagnosed as non‐odontogenic tumors were selected for the study.
Results
There were 40 (83.3%) histopathologically diagnosed non‐odontogenic tumors. The female to male ratio was 1.7:1 and the patients' mean age was 36 + 21.9 years. The mandible (n = 4, 10.0%) and the preauricular area (n = 4, 10.0%) were the most common sites affected. The cytopathological diagnosis showed 28 (70.0%) of the lesions were malignant, 7 (17.5%) were benign neoplasms and 5 (12.5%) were reactive/inflammatory swellings. The histopathological diagnosis was predominantly malignant (n = 29, 72.5%), consisting mostly of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 12, 30.0%). There was significant association (P = .000) between cytopathological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of the malignant orofacial non‐odontogenic tumors. The sensitivity of FNAC to detect malignant orofacial nonodontogenic tumors was 93.1%, the specificity was 90.9%, the positive predictive value was 96.4%, the negative predictive values was 83.3% and the accuracy was 92.5%.
CONCLUSION
The accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of orofacial malignant non‐odontogenic orofacial tumors is high and hence recommended as a routine preoperative diagnostic tool.
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