Integration of findings from the concept analysis and field research results in more accurate understanding of good death. Knowing the individual concept of good death enables nurses to provide culturally competent care to achieve an optimum death experience for both patients and families.
Purpose/Objectives
To examine perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs regarding barriers and facilitators to prostate cancer screening, and to identify potential interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening among Filipino men in Hawai’i.
Design
Exploratory, qualitative.
Setting
Community-based settings in Hawai’i.
Sample
20 Filipino men, 40 years old or older
Methods
Focus group discussions were tape-recorded, transcribed, and content analysis performed for emergent themes.
Main Research Variables
Perceptions regarding prostate cancer, barriers and facilitators to prostate cancer screening, and culturally-relevant interventional strategies
Findings
Perceptions of prostate cancer included fatalism, hopelessness, and dread. Misconceptions regarding causes of prostate cancer, such as frequency of sexual activity, were identified. Barriers to prostate cancer screening included lack of awareness of the need for screening, reticence to seek healthcare when feeling well, fear of cancer diagnosis, financial issues, time constraints, and embarrassment. Presence of urinary symptoms, personal experience with family or friend who had cancer, and receiving recommendations from a healthcare provider regarding screening were facilitators for screening. Potential culturally-relevant interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening included screening recommendations from health professionals and cancer survivors; radio/television commercials and newspaper articles targeted to the Filipino community; informational brochures in Tagalog, Ilocano and/or English; and interactive, educational forums facilitated by Filipino multilingual, male healthcare professionals.
Conclusions
Culturally-relevant interventions are needed that address barriers to prostate cancer screening participation and misconceptions about causes of prostate cancer.
Implications for Nursing
Findings provide a foundation for future research regarding development of interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening among Filipino men.
Problem-based learning (PBL) uses patients' problems to develop students' problem-solving and clinical skills. Inquiry-based learning (IBL) was developed as a similar methodology that was more holistic and flexible. This study sought to determine if inquiry-based learning (IBL) enhances critical-thinking ability as measured by the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The WGCTA was administered to 228 nursing students in the first semester and 257 students in the final semester of their program. When the scores were stratified into groups, the students in the low group showed a significant increase in mean score, no change in the medium group, and a significant drop for the high group.
Most humans desire a good death, but the nursing literature on culture-specific responses to older life, especially on issues of death and dying among Japanese Americans, is still limited. The pattern of beliefs about a good death held by elderly Japanese Americans living in Hawaii was explored. A qualitative study using ethnography and in-depth interviewing was employed. Eighteen healthy and active elderly participants were interviewed, and data analyzed using ethnography to extract categories and themes, and four supplementary interviews with experts were held for triangulation of the data. Four themes emerged, however, in this paper, the predominate one, not being a burden to family, was discussed. The participants believed burdening someone in their culture has an extremely negative implication. Sufficient preparation for older life and death, family support, friends support, and finance were their strategies to avoid being a burden. Nurses need to understand that the concept of good death is unique to every culture. Such knowledge will help them to plan and provide appropriate end-of-life care, and will reduce the risk of living wills being ignored.
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