Background:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) are potential markers of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Objectives:To explore the association between expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in oral and maxillofacial SCC and clinicopathological factors.Patients and Methods:Immunohistochemical Envision method was used to analyze the expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in 54 cases of oral and maxillofacial SCC and the association with clinicopathological factors such as clinical staging and lymphatic metastasis.Results:Brownish-yellow staining is correlated with positive expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. Positive expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, and their positive expression rates were significantly higher in patients with lymphatic metastasis than those without it (VEGF: χ2 = 30.00; P = 0.001; MMP-9: χ2 = 18.27, P = 0.001). The positive expression rate of MMP-9 decreased at earlier clinical stages (P < 0.05). Positive expression of TIMP-2 was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical staging and T classification. The positive rate of TIMP-2 expression in patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly lower than those without it (χ2 = 26.74, P = 0.002), which significantly reduced with increasing clinical stage and T classification (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Lymphatic metastasis in patients with oral and maxillofacial SCC is closely related to the positive expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 can affect the progression of cancer, which is valuable for studies on oral and maxillofacial SCC genes.
By virtue of the reductive coupling reactivity of samarium, cuprous chloride can effectively catalyze the homocoupling of alkylhalides, including the Csp 3
A novel three-component reaction was developed via a one-pot strategy for the construction of diarylmethanol esters by using a halobenzene and an ester in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) under mild conditions. The reaction involves the direct functionalization of halobenzene under the Sm−CuI catalyst system. It was proved that 10% (mol) of CuI is sufficient to realize the reductive coupling reaction. Influences of substituents were illustrated from both electronic and steric effects. The reaction mechanism was also discussed.
According to ISO26262 standard, the functional safety analysis of the pure electric vehicle’s concept stage of Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) was carried out. From this, the safety goals and ASIL levels of the VCU are determined. According to the safety analysis method, the functional safety requirements of the VCU at the vehicle level are obtained. At the hardware architecture level, the functional safety design of the VCU’s microcontroller module, storage module, and power supply module is carried out to meet the functional safety development requirements. Carefully consideration of software failures that may occur during VCU software development. These include software architecture design, safety-critical code/program flow monitoring, change management, and safety-critical variables. The fault injection test of the VCU demonstrates the feasibility of this technology.
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