A Multicenter Study on Expressions of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 in Oral and Maxillofacial Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) are potential markers of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Objectives:To explore the association between expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in oral and maxillofacial SCC and clinicopathological factors.Patients and Methods:Immunohistochemical Envision method was used to analyze the expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in 54 cases of oral and maxillofacial SCC and the association with clinicopathological factors such as clinical staging and lymphatic metastasis.Results:Brownish-yellow staining is correlated with positive expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. Positive expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, and their positive expression rates were significantly higher in patients with lymphatic metastasis than those without it (VEGF: χ2 = 30.00; P = 0.001; MMP-9: χ2 = 18.27, P = 0.001). The positive expression rate of MMP-9 decreased at earlier clinical stages (P < 0.05). Positive expression of TIMP-2 was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical staging and T classification. The positive rate of TIMP-2 expression in patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly lower than those without it (χ2 = 26.74, P = 0.002), which significantly reduced with increasing clinical stage and T classification (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Lymphatic metastasis in patients with oral and maxillofacial SCC is closely related to the positive expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 can affect the progression of cancer, which is valuable for studies on oral and maxillofacial SCC genes.

Association between immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Tumor expression of MMP‐9 was positively associated with LNM in 16 studies . Furthermore, four studies reported the association with DM, of which one found a significant positive association.…”

“…Of these, 118 full‐text studies were assessed, of which 68 did not meet the inclusion criteria (Appendix 2). Therefore, 50 analytical cross‐sectional studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 15 in the quantitative synthesis (Figure ).…”

“…Percentage of positive cells was the most used method, with further categorization using different cutoff values. Analyses were performed in tumor cells alone (tumor), tumor and stromal cells separately (tumor/stroma), and tumor and stroma simultaneously (tumor+stroma) . Detailed information regarding the main features, and findings of the included studies are presented in Table .…”

“…Eight studies were classified as “low RoB,” 34 as “moderate RoB,” and eight as “high RoB” (Appendix 3). The domains related to confounders were often judged as “high RoB” mostly due to the absence of the identification and adjustment for these factors (eg, clinical stage/TNM, pattern, and depth of invasion).…”

The Complex Morphopathogenetic Aspects of Intraabdominal Adhesions Development and Course in Infants. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

“…It is known that a prolonged MMP-2 expression promotes an increase in vasculature density, but its deficit causes vascular instability and a decrease of vascularisation(Trivedi et al, 2016). TIMP-2 can diminish the expression of VEGF, by inhibiting MMPs(Li M. et al, 2014). In the current study, a similarly tight correlation between MMP-2 and VEGF as well as between TIMP-2 and VEGF was observed, pointing out the significance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 balance for regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis.…”