This article reviews clinical and research literature regarding the nursing management of agitation after severe traumatic brain injury. Neuroscience nurses in acute rehabilitation settings use an evidence-based approach to perform multifaceted assessments and implement effective individualized plans of care. These essential efforts minimize the effects of agitation and help patients achieve optimal outcomes.

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Hence, the published formulas are not reliable in this setting. We postulate that this is due to the specific nature of LpX. Further supporting this idea is that hypercholes-terolemia on its own, i.e., without hypertriglyceridemia, is a very rare cause of significant hyponatremia; all reported cases thus far have involved the presence of LpX (9). In summary, we present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of PBC who was admitted for hyponatremia. Laboratory results also showed hypokale-mia and hypochloremia, but no acute kidney injury. She was found to have an extremely high TC concentration, which was verified by repeat testing. Subsequent lipopro-tein analysis detected LpX. Using direct ISE measurement , we were able to show that the patient's sodium concentration, as well as her potassium and chloride concentrations , were within normal range. This case is important owing to the degree of hypercholesterolemia, lack of lipemic sample appearance, and the link to multiple false electrolyte abnormalities.

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