Wood harvesting should be planned to reduce environmental impacts by minimizing machine traffic, increase productivity and reduce costs. In this context, the aim of this study was evaluate the effect of working range on operational performance of a harvester and forwarder in a Eucalyptus saligna stand under a clear cutting regime. The study was carried out in Paraná State, Brazil, in a cut‐to‐length system in cutting and wood extraction operations in two working ranges: T1 - width of 12 m with a cut of four planting lines; and T2 - width of 18 m with a cut of six planting lines. A time and motion study was performed to determine work cycle times, productivity, production costs, and machine traffic, with working ranges compared by the t-test (α = 0.05) for independent samples. The results showed that the wood processing and loading elements consumed the longest operating cycle time in cutting and wood extraction. The harvester machine presented higher productivity (61.05 m³ PMH0-1) in the T1 working range, while the forwarder was superior (48.32 m³ PMH0-1) in the T2 working range. Regarding the wood harvesting system, it was observed that the T2 working range enabled a reduction of 1% in production costs, which is important when considering the large scale production of the company, while there was a 33.4% reduction in traffic. Therefore, an increase in machines’ working range can provide operational and environmental benefits to wood harvesting operations in forest plantations.
Em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) localizado no campus de Marcilio Dias da Universidade do Contestado situado no município de Canoinhas, SC, foi instalada, no ano de 2013, uma parcela permanente de um hectare, sendo que todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 10 cm foram mediadas, identificadas e posicionadas em um sistema cartesiano X e Y. No ano de 2014 ocorreu a remedição da parcela permanente seguindo-se os mesmo critérios de medição 2013 e, ainda, computando-se as árvores ingressas e mortas. A pesquisa teve por objetivos avaliar possíveis mudanças na composição florística, na estrutura horizontal e vertical no fragmento florestal. Em 2013 foram encontradas 835 árvores distribuídas em 25 famílias botânicas, 37 gêneros e 49 espécies. No ano de 2014 o número de árvores foi de 855 indivíduos, distribuídos em 25 famílias botânicas, 38 gêneros e 52 espécies. As espécies de maior valor de importância ampliado (VIA) tanto em 2013 quanto em 2014 foram as espécies Cupania vernalis (15,75 e 15,62%), Sebastiania commersoniana (11,33 e 11,32%) e Araucaria angustifolia (6,73 e 6,67%). A distribuição diamétrica encontrada nas duas medições realizadas apresentou forma decrescente (J-invertido), característica em florestas nativas inequiâneas.Palavras-chave: estrutura horizontal, estrutura vertical, fitossociologia, floresta com araucária. FLORISTICS AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN A FRAGMENT OF ARUACRAIA FOREST IN CATARINENSE PLATEAU NORTH IN 2013-2014 ABSTRACTIn a remnant of Araucaria Forest located on the campus of Marcilio Dias of the University of Contestado situated in Canoinhas, SC, Brazil, were installed in 2013, a permanent plot of 1 hectare, and every tree with DBH higher than 10 cm were mediated identified and positioned in a cartesian XY. In 2014 came the measurement of the permanent portion followed by the same measurement 2013 criteria, and also computing the ingrowth and dead trees. The research aimed to evaluate possible changes in floristic composition, horizontal and vertical structure of the forest fragment. In 2013 they found 835 trees distributed in 25 botanical families, 37 genus and 49 species. In the year 2014 the number of trees was 855 individuals, distributed in 25 botanical families, 38 genus and 52 species. The species of greatest value expanded importance (IVIA) both in 2013 as in 2014 were Cupania vernalis (15.75 and 15.62%), the Sebastiania commersoniana (11.33 and 11.32%) and Araucaria angustifolia (6.73 and 6.67%). The diametric distribution found, in both measurements, showed decreasing order (J-inverted), a characteristic of natural forests uneven-aged stands.Keywords: horizontal structure, vertical structure, phytosociology, araucaria forest. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n04a07
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