Summary.-Three dihydrodiols that are metabolites of benzo [a] al., 1974) and the mechanism appears to be similar in mouse skin. Thus, spectrophotofluorimetric studies indicated that metabolism of the 7,8,9,10-ring was involved in the activation of benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin (Daudel et al., 1975) and the chromatographic characteristics of the benzo[a]-pyrene-deoxyribonucleoside products that are formed in mouse skin treated with the hydrocarbon were recently found to be the same as those of the deoxyribonucleoside products that are formed when 7, 8-dihydro-7, 8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene 9,10-oxide reacts with DNA in solution . This is in agreement with the general idea that the further metabolism of the olefinic double bonds present in non-K-region dihydrodiols can yield diol-epoxides (Booth and Sims, 1974) that react with DNA in vivo. The biological activity of non-K-region dihydrodiols in situations where they can be further metabolized is, therefore, of interest. Some non-K-region dihydrodiols are more active in the induction of malignant transformation in mouse fibroblasts than the parent hydrocarbons (Marquardt, Grover and Sims, 1976) and they can also induce more mutations, when metabolized by microsomal prepara-
A pilot study of the endogenous steroid concentrations in human breast tumours was performed. The technique of high-resolution molecular-ion monitoring during combined g.l.c.-mass spectrometry was used to determine oestrone, oestradiol-17beta and oestriol in concentrations above 1ng/g wet wt. of tissue, and dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, androsterone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one) and 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one in concentrations exceeding 5ng/g, in extracts of five primary breast tumours.
Background: Bleeding events are frequent complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (ECMO). Objective: To determine the rate of acquired factor XIII deficiency and its association with major bleeding events and transfusion requirements in adults undergoing ECMO therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single centre cohort study. Adult patients receiving veno-venous or veno-arterial ECMO therapy during a 2-year period were analysed and screened for factor XIII activity measurements. Factor XIII deficiency was defined based on the lowest factor XIII activity measured during ECMO therapy. Results: Among 84 subjects included into the analysis, factor XIII deficiency occurred in 69% during ECMO therapy. There were more major bleeding events (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.16–10.56; p = 0.02) and higher transfusion requirements (red blood cells, 20 vs. 12, p < 0.001; platelets, 4 vs. 2, p = 0.006) in patients with factor XIII deficiency compared to patients with normal factor XIII activity. In a multivariate regression model, factor XIII deficiency was independently associated with bleeding severity (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In this retrospective single centre study, acquired factor XIII deficiency was observed in 69% of adult ECMO patients with a high bleeding risk. Factor XIII deficiency was associated with higher rates of major bleeding events and transfusion requirements.
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