Previous studies that have examined the relationship between implicit and explicit motive measures have consistently found little variance overlap between both types of measures regardless of thematic content domain (i.e., power, achievement, affiliation). However, this independence may be artifactual because the primary means of measuring implicit motives--content-coding stories people write about picture cues--are incommensurable with the primary means of measuring explicit motives: having individuals fill out self-report scales. To provide a better test of the presumed independence between both types of measures, we measured implicit motives with a Picture Story Exercise (PSE; McClelland, Koestner, & Weinberger, 1989) and explicit motives with a cue- and response-matched questionnaire version of the PSE (PSE-Q) and a traditional measure of explicit motives, the Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson, 1984) in 190 research participants. Correlations between the PSE and the PSE-Q were small and mostly nonsignificant, whereas the PSE-Q showed significant variance overlap with the PRF within and across thematic domains. We conclude that the independence postulate holds even when more commensurable measures of implicit and explicit motives are used.

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While marking importance and relevance in academic discourse has been a widely researched topic, markers of lesser significance have so far been understudied. The article therefore focuses on some of the discoursal means of expressing lesser importance in conference presentations. The corpus of the study comprises recordings of 20 presentations in English at international linguistics conferences by speakers of various cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The methodology follows Deroey and Taverniers’s (2012) study of lecture discourse, whereby depending on the way lesser importance is expressed, the markers are grouped under five categories. Their methodology is checked against the data provided by the transcriptions of the conference recordings to ascertain the extent to which it is applicable to other spoken academic genres. The ultimate objective is to provide steppingstones for interpreting information and distinguishing between what is important and relevant and less so in conference presentations, as well as for the identification of presenters’ motivation for employing this type of metadiscourse.

Cross-language plagiarism is increasingly being accorded the interest of academics, but it is still an underresearched area. Rather than displaying linguistic similarity or identity of lexemes, phrases or grammatical structures within one language, translated plagiarism is viewed as the theft of ideas involving two languages. Two instances of translated plagiarism will be discussed - lifting a text from language A, translating it in language B to reuse it as one’s own text, and back-translation: lifting a text verbatim from language A, translating into language B and then re-translating back into language A. The emphasis will be on non-standard structures and inappropriate linguistic choices violating source language norms which could go some way towards assisting in the detection of translated plagiarism, a task heretofore not resolved either by linguists or by computer specialists. The topic is of seminal importance to non-English speaking academic contexts.

The presentation will consider discourse-related code switching of first generation Bulgarian immigrants to Canada to reveal how particular factors within the conversation where code switching takes place, exert impact on the language behaviour of immigrants. The aim is to study the degree of interference between native and adopted languages and the extent to which alternating languages allows the speaker to mark shifts in context or to change the role he/she assumes in the course of the interaction. The results show the types of context and the reasons for incorporating English or French words, phrases and even whole sentences into a conversation held in Bulgarian. The study concludes that most commonly code switching is resorted to when speakers refer to concepts, ideas, phenomena, situations, interactions they have to deal with in the second language and it is a result of the uneven distribution in the use of first and second language. Cet article traite d'une analyse de conversations d'immigrants bulgares de première génération, vivant au Canada et de leur recours à des renversements de code ou d'alternance, entre langue première et langue seconde lorsque des difficultés surgissent dans l'appréhension de concepts, d'idées nouvelles, de phénomènes ou de situations qui les déstabilisent. L'enquête montre les résultats de ces interférences et les occurrences de changement ou d'alternance de codes, particulièrement l'occurrence de phrases ou d'expressions en anglais dans des conversations en bulgare. Aim and background of the study The present study assumes a sociocultural perspective in order to look at "discourse-related switching" (AUER 1998: 8) observed in the discourse of first-generation Bulgarians in Canada. The results are expected to show the types of context where English words, phrases and whole sentences are incorporated into a conversation otherwise held in Bulgarian. An attempt is also made to elucidate the functions of code-switching, i.e. why bilingual speakers code-switch and what factors influence code choice. The investigation also includes analyses of the grammatical units occurring most frequently in the corpus. The article is part of a larger project conducted by a team of researchers, members of the Central European Association for Canadian Studies (CEACS) and funded by the Canadian government. Concerning studies of code-switching in the Slavic languages, according to a recent publication (LAUERSDORF 2009) presenting a comprehensive overview of Slavic studies in North America, in over 30 pages

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The article considers some terminological aspects in the process of harmonization of legislation reflecting on different approaches to the study of terms and especially to synonymy and term equivalence. The various mechanisms available to the translator are examined within the EU context and against the background of Bulgaria’s legal culture. The analysis is based on translations of EU legislation from English into Bulgarian and highlights felicitous choices and techniques employed, as well as recurring inconsistencies in the long and arduous process of approximation of legislation.

Abstract:Th is paper willfocus on the converging and diverging elements of the idiosyncratic legal regimes of federal Canada and of the supranational European Union. Th e methodology applied in Canada in terms of the stages in identifying the points of contact between the diff erent legal systems and languages in relation to the procedure adopted in cases of conceptual and terminological non-correspondence, as well as the draft ing techniques employed and the justifi cation for choice in each particular instance, will be highlighted. Th e Canadian approach to terminological issues in the ongoing process of harmonizing federal legislation will be considered as a possible model for felicitous solutions regarding current pressing diffi culties in the translation of legal terms in the European Union.