CNS infection is a life-threatening condition in developing countries and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported as the most common cause of bacterial meningitis; however, there is limited data on pneumococcal meningitis in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate and identity S. pneumoniae strains from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected as part of routine testing from patients with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infection at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017. S. pneumoniae isolation and identification were performed using conventional culture and molecular tools. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were monitored through minimum inhibitory concentration testing. From 147 CSF specimens, one S. pneumoniae strain was identified from a patient with bacterial meningitis symptoms. The isolate was serotype 6B (ST5661) and susceptible to 18 antimicrobial agents tested, including penicillin, tetracycline, and the macrolide group. Our data provide insights into the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Indonesia.
The increase of blood uric acid beyond the normal limit (hyperuricemia) results an increase of risks and mortalities in several diseases. Nowadays, the prevalence of hyperuricemia appears to be increasing in develop countries. Hyperuricemia is a disease correlated with obesity in children and adults. This study aimed to determine the blood uric acid among the students of Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University 2011 with body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2. This was a descriptive study, using a purposive sampling method. There were 26 respondents that participated in this study. The results showed that there were 23 respondents (88.46%) who had normal blood uric acid and three respondents (11.54%) with hyperuricemia. Conclusion: the majority of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University 2011 with body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 had normal blood uric acid. Keywords: hyperuricemia, uric acid, purine, BMI ≥23 kg/m2. Abstrak: Peningkatan kadar asam urat darah di atas normal (hiperurisemia), menyebabkan peningkatan risiko dan mortalitas pada beberapa jenis penyakit. Dewasa ini, prevalensi hiperurisemia terus meningkat pada negara berkembang. Hiperurisemia merupakan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan obesitas baik pada anak maupun dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar asam urat pada mahasiswa angkatan 2011 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ≥23 kg/m2. Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 26 responden. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 23 responden (88,46%) memiliki kadar asam urat darah normal dan tiga responden (11,54%) dengan hiperurisemia. Simpulan: sebagian besar mahasiswa angkatan 2011 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan indeks massa tubuh ≥23 kg/m2 memiliki kadar asam urat darah yang normal. Kata kunci: hiperurisemia, asam urat, purin, IMT ≥23 kg/m2.
One of the biggest risk factors for cardiovascular disease is hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol is an important fat, however if it is excessive in the blood it can cause various diseases, one of which is cardiovascular disease. One of the traditional medicines used to reduce blood cholesterol levels is Moringa Oleifera leaves, which contain flavonoids and play an important role in lowering blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant content of Moringa Oleifera leaves, the benefits of lowering blood cholesterol levels, and the dosage of administration. This study was conducted by using three databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar to find articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then the assessment was carried out. There was a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels when given Moringa leaves, as well as the dose given. In conclusion, antioxidants in Moringa leaves can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.Keywords: antioxidants, moringa leaves, cholesterol, cardiovascular Abstrak: Salah satu faktor risiko terbesar penyakit kardiovaskular adalah hiperkolesterolemia. Kolesterol merupakan lemak yang penting, namun jika berlebihan dalam darah dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, salah satunya kardiovaskular. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah adalah daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera), yang mengandung flavonoid dan berperan penting dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan antioksidan daun kelor, manfaat sebagai penurun kadar kolesterol darah, dan dosis pemberian. Pencarian artikel menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar untuk menemukan artikel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian dilakukan penilaian. Terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol darah yang signifikan ketika diberikan daun kelor dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, serta dosis yang diberikan. Sebagi simpulan, antioksidan pada daun kelor dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Kata Kunci: antioksidan, daun kelor, kolesterol, kardiovaskular
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