ABSTRAKBakteri endofit sebagai agens biokontrol dapat dibuat formula untuk mempertahankan kemampuannya sebagai pengendali penyakit. Tiga isolat bakteri endofit yang mampu menekan serangan Meloidogyne sp. dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan lada telah diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh lama penyimpanan formula tepung dalam mempertahankan viabilitas bakteri endofit dan karakterisasi fisiologi isolat endofit Bacillus sp. AA2, Bacillus sp. MER dan isolat MSJ. Formula yang digunakan ialah formula 1 (50 g talk, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, dan 1.5 g gula merah), formula 2 (50 g talk, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, dan 1.5 g gula putih), formula 3 (50 g talk, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g ekstrak khamir, dan 1.5 g gula putih dan) dan formula 4 (50 g talk, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g ekstrak khamir, 3 mL molase, 1 g bentonit, 0.75 g kalsium karbonat, dan 1 g dektrosa). Hasil karakterisasi bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat Bacillus sp. AA2 dan Bacillus sp. MER bersifat Gram positif, menghasilkan enzim kitinase, protease dan hormon IAA, sedangkan isolat MSJ menghasilkan enzim lipase dan hormon IAA. Sifat penambat nitrogen hanya ditemukan pada isolat Bacillus sp. AA2 dan isolat MSJ. Bakteri dengan viabilitas tertinggi adalah isolat MSJ, yaitu 2.5×10 6 cfu mL -1. dalam formula 4, sedangkan isolat Bacillus sp. AA2 dan Bacillus sp MER masing-masing 1.9×10 6 cfu mL -1. dan 1.2×10 6 cfu mL -1 dalam formula 3.Kata kunci: bahan pembawa, daya tumbuh, talk ABSTRACT Endophytic bacteria can be formulated to retain its ability as disease control agents. Three of endophytic bacteria which had the capability to suppress infection of Meloidogyne sp, and to enhance pepper growth were gained from the previous study. This research was aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time on the viability of endophytic bacteria, Bacillus sp. AA2, Bacillus sp. MER and MSJ, and to study its physiological charaterization during storage. The formulation evaluated in this study was : formulation 1 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, and brown sugar 1.5 g), formulation 2 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, and 1.5 g white sugar), formulation 3 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g yeast extract, and 1.5 g white sugar) and formulation 4 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g yeast extract, 3 mL molasses, 1 g bentonite, 0.75 g calcium carbonate, and 1 g dextrose). The results of the bacterial characterization showed that Bacillus sp AA2 and Bacillus sp MER belongs to Gram positive, produced lipase and protease enzyme, as well as IAA hormone. N 2 fixation is only existed in Bacillus sp. AA2 and MSJ isolate. The highest viability was shown on MSJ isolate with 2.5×10 6 cfu mL -1. in the fourth formulation, whereas Bacillus sp. AA2 and Bacillus sp. MER viability was 1.9×10 6 cfu mL -1. and 1.2×10 6 cfu mL -1. , respectively.
Enzyme is one of important commodity in industrial world. The majority of industrial enzymes are produced by microorganisms through fermentation. The use of enzymes is largely as a biocatalyst in chemical transformations. Currently there are about 400 known enzymes and about 200 are used commercially. The enzyme industry has grown rapidly and occupies an important position in the field of industry one of which is xylanase enzyme. Xylanase can be produced by molds and bacteria through a fermentation process. Groups of bacteria that are known to produce xylanase are Bacillus and Clostridium. In today’s microbial use of thermophilic bacteria has commercial value because it is able to produce stability of heat-resistant enzymes. In producing enzymes cell immobilization techniques are used to facilitate the purification of products, increase productivity and ease in controlling cell stability. The aim of this study was to Characterization Extrinsic Factors of Immobilized Cells Thermoxilanolytic Bacteria in Producing Xylanase. This research was conducted in June 2017- June 2018 in Laboratory of Microbiology FMIPA UNP. This research was using descriptive method. This research conclusion that temperature effect on xylanase activity with optimum temperature was 70°C and pH affects the xylanase activity with the highest pH was 7.5.
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