The Medtronic CareLink database was utilized to generate a large number of virtual patients with a variety of insulin sensitivities, pharmacokinetics, and meal absorption rates. This new simulation model can be potentially used to evaluate and prognosticate the outcomes of studies of artificial pancreas algorithms and systems.
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have distant metastases have a poor prognosis. To determine which genomic factors of the primary tumor are associated with metastasis, we analyzed data from 759 patients originally diagnosed with stage I–III NSCLC as part of the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative consortium. We found that TP53 mutations were significantly associated with the development of new distant metastases. TP53 mutations were also more prevalent in patients with a history of smoking, suggesting that these patients may be at increased risk for distant metastasis. Our results suggest that additional investigation of the optimal management of patients with early-stage NSCLC harboring TP53 mutations at diagnosis is warranted in light of their higher likelihood of developing new distant metastases.
Core Ideas
Endophytic grasses have been suggested for reducing bird strike hazard at airports.
Besides deterring geese, such grasses might suppress insects that attract birds.
Avanex tall fescue has been marketed as a bird‐deterrent grass for use at airports.
Avanex and KY‐31 were tested against invertebrates in field and greenhouse trials.
Neither grass is likely to appreciably reduce the food base for insectivorous birds.
Use of endophyte‐infected (E+) grasses to deter vertebrate grazers such as geese, and invertebrates attractive to insectivorous birds, has been proposed as a means to reduce bird strike hazard at airports. ‘Jackal’ tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) with the endophyte strain AR601, branded Avanex Unique Endophyte Technology and marketed as a bird‐deterrent grass, purportedly expresses inordinately high levels of both ergovaline to induce bird avoidance behavior and loline alkaloids for insect resistance. We tested the hypothesis that Avanex is more effective than Kentucky‐31 (KY‐31), a common tall fescue with wild‐type endophyte, for suppressing types of invertebrates fed on by birds. Bioactivity of Jackal AR601 and KY‐31, with or without their endophytes, was compared in insect feeding trials, and against macroinvertebrate communities in field plots. Presence of viable endophyte was confirmed by immunoblot and alkaloid analyses. Alkaloid concentrations varied seasonally but were no higher in Jackal AR601 than in E+ KY‐31. Both E+ grasses suppressed an endophyte‐sensitive aphid, but effects on grass‐feeding caterpillars were more subtle, with similar and some cases better larval growth and survival on Avanex than on KY‐31. Neither E+ grass reduced populations of earthworms, white grubs, or aboveground macroinvertebrates. This study suggests that suppression of invertebrates by Avanex or E+ KY‐31 is probably too weak to significantly reduce the food supply for insectivorous birds at airports.
A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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