The aims of this study are to make a more precise identification of the etiologic agent of a nasal granuloma in a cat, to verify the susceptibility to the antifungal drugs: ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and the proper treatment. Part of the granuloma's fragment was removed, added to a saline solution and sent to the Laboratory of Mycology. The solution was then seeded in Sabouraud dextrose agar, and the yeast was primarily identified by the traditional methods. The confirmation of the specie Cryptococcus gattii and its molecular type were performed using the PCR-RFLP molecular techniques. The antifungal susceptibility was verified by using the E-test method, and the cat was treated with itraconazole associated with 5-flucytosine. The isolated strain was identified as C. gattii type VGII and was susceptible to all antifungal drugs tested. The treatment with itraconazole associated with 5-flucytosine led to the cure of granulomatous lesions in the feline after 6 months. The characterization and molecular investigation of this microorganism are relevant because they could help us better understand the epidemiology of the infection and to guide us to treat properly the disease.

No abstract

Cryptococcus is an opportunistic yeast that causes life-threatening infections as meningoencephalitis primarily in immunocompromised hosts, generally associated with AIDS. The source of this organism is mainly pigeon excreta; however, other avian species' excreta are implicated as a source of this yeast. The aim of this study was to perform the isolation of yeasts of the Cryptococcus genus from the cloacae of 40 parrots kept in captivity area of the genus Amazona aestiva. These birds were anesthetized, the cloacae washed, and then swabs from the cloaca collected. The yeasts isolated from cloacae birds were studied by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The production of extracellular enzymes as virulence factors (protease and phospholipase) was performed too. From the total of parrots studied, 10 strains of yeasts were isolated. Nine of the strains belonged to the specie Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus and one sample belonged to the specie Cryptococcus laurentti. The extracellular enzymes research demonstrated that 80% of the isolates were phospholipase producers and all of them were protease positives. These results suggest that not just the environment but also the birds of A. aestiva genus may be the carriers of C. albidus. We point out that the strains produced virulence factors. This is the first report of the isolation of C. albidus var. albidus of A. aestiva parrots and to assert that this bird is a special ecological niche of capped yeast.

Título da Dissertação: Ocorrência de leveduras pertencentes ao gênero Cryptococcus em cloaca e inglúvio de papagaios do gênero Amazona aestiva.

Dentistry science is a new specialty in veterinary medicine that has been growing in recent years, accompanied by the development of professionals who seek to improve the quality of life of pets. Cases related to problems in the oral cavity have gained significant importance in the medical clinic of professionals who treat small animals. Due to lack of professional knowledge or due to animal behavioral problems, such as aggressiveness, the anamnesis of the oral cavity is not performed most of the time, which ends up delaying the diagnosis of the pathology. In addition, an animal with a problem in the oral cavity may take years to show signs of the disease. In general, animals have an oral microbiota composed of various species of fungi, which, under specific conditions, can change from saprophytes to pathogens, compromising their health. Thus, the pre-knowledge of potentially pathogenic yeasts belonging to oral microbiota of dogs and their susceptibility profile compared to the main drugs used in antifungal therapy, is of fundamental importance as it ensures a clinical auxiliary support for the diagnosis and treatment of most diseases of the oral cavity.

Introduction: Fungi are organisms that present themselves in multicellular macroscopic and unicellular microscopic forms. They are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, reproduce asexually/sexually, cosmopolitan, achlorophyllates and are present in various climatic conditions and found in a variety of species and forms in nature. Aims: Present the emerging evolution of fungi, their underreporting, scale and parameters that show their potential as a heterotrophic organism, decomposer and pathogen. Methodology: In this review, we conducted a search emphasizing themes about fungi using the available databases and based on the scientific literature, we discussed a series of recent issues involving this wide realm and the constant controversies and expectations that guide the existence of fungi on the planet. Results: The results presented show an analysis of the action of these eukaryotic organisms and their interaction with other living beings, the constant changes in taxonomy, their pathogenic potential in plants and animals, issues related to the intrinsic resistance of some species to drugs and also the potential biotechnological for which these organisms demonstrate high plasticity. Conclusion: The expansion of fungal diseases to the fauna and flora of the planet; leads us to believe that, unless measures are taken to reinforce biosafety issues, it will be increasingly necessary to take care of the health conditions of the planet to avoid a global collapse caused by microscopic beings.

Decomposition is the process of cadaver degradation into its respective basic constituents by action of biological (microorganisms and arthropods) and abiotic (environmental conditions) agents. The objective was to know the richness, abundance and succession of entomological and fungal species with emphasis on the forensic importance in carcass of Sus scrofa in Brazilian Savannah of the central region Brazil. In this work, samples were collected and the action of biological agents was observed during putrefaction of experimental model. Overall, 5,009 insects specimens were collected, belonging to 3 orders, 15 families, 22 subfamilies, 39 genera and 47 species. Diptera was the most representative order, with 2,848 individuals (56.9%), followed by Hymenoptera with 1,628 (32.5%) and Coleoptera with 533 (10.6%). Diptera were present in all phases of cadaveric decomposition, of which, the butyric fermentation phase was the most relevant (26.6%). Hymenoptera were also present in the butyric fermentation phase (15.8%) and Coleoptera were present in the final phase of decomposition (7.8%). Regarding fungi, 223 specimens were isolated. Four orders of filamentous fungi were identified: Eurotiales (44.4%), Mucorales (14.8%), Hypocreales (8.1%), emphasizing the presence of Aspergillus terreus. Among yeasts, the order Saccharomycetales (9.9%), represented by the genera Candida, Rodothorula and Pichia, and the order Tremellales (1.3%), represented by the Trichosporon genus, and were isolated. These microbiological entities were collected during all phases of cadaveric phenomena, highlighting the active decay period, when 26% of CFU's were obtained. The skin was the anatomic site with the highest number of isolations (22.4%), followed by genital and perianal mucosa (17.5%), respectively. This study, which comprises the cadaveric biota, is extremely important as an elucidation tool. Forensic mycology is a rich field, where fungi can Interact and provide information, promoting the study of time of death in forensic cases.

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