The aims of this study are to make a more precise identification of the etiologic agent of a nasal granuloma in a cat, to verify the susceptibility to the antifungal drugs: ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and the proper treatment. Part of the granuloma's fragment was removed, added to a saline solution and sent to the Laboratory of Mycology. The solution was then seeded in Sabouraud dextrose agar, and the yeast was primarily identified by the traditional methods. The confirmation of the specie Cryptococcus gattii and its molecular type were performed using the PCR-RFLP molecular techniques. The antifungal susceptibility was verified by using the E-test method, and the cat was treated with itraconazole associated with 5-flucytosine. The isolated strain was identified as C. gattii type VGII and was susceptible to all antifungal drugs tested. The treatment with itraconazole associated with 5-flucytosine led to the cure of granulomatous lesions in the feline after 6 months. The characterization and molecular investigation of this microorganism are relevant because they could help us better understand the epidemiology of the infection and to guide us to treat properly the disease.

Proleptus obtusus Dujardin, 1845 is the most common parasite infecting the gut of the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, Linnaeus). This nematode is trophically transmitted from an intermediate crustacean host to the definitive elasmobranch host. Sexual and age-related differences in habitat occupancy and feeding behaviour of the lesser spotted dogfish make this parasite-host dyad ideal for testing which aspects of host biology influence parasite transmission. Here, the relationship between P. obtusus burden and host condition, sex and age were investigated in lesser spotted dogfish captured in the Northeast Atlantic. Prevalence of P. obtusus was of 94.8% with a mean abundance of 23.3 worms per host. Our results indicate that parasite burden is best explained by the interaction between ontogenetic differences in foraging behaviour of the lesser spotted dogfish and seasonal differences in prey availability.

Aquarium ornamental pet fish constitute a major segment in the pet industry, with the United States, Europe, and Japan dominating the market. There are approximately 1,500 marine fish species and over 4,500 freshwater fish species commercialized as aquarium ornamental pet fish. Fish are the fourth most common pet present in Brazilian homes. In Brazil, aquarium ornamental pet fish can be marketed and distributed from different parts of the Brazilian territory and the world. Commercialization and circulation of living animals without the use of adequate prophylactic management procedures enables dissemination of a number of agents responsible for infectious diseases. Aquarium pet fish can also carry pathogenic agents, of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic etiology, that may have a zoonotic feature endangering the persons handling the animals. This review presents the main pathogenic infectious agents of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiology that affect aquarium pet fish, as well as the prevention and control measures to ensure sanitary excellence in this segment.Peixes ornamentais de aquário representam um grande segmento no mercado de animais de estimação, no qual Estados Unidos, Europa e Japão dominam. São aproximadamente 1.500 espécies de peixes marinhos e em torno de 4.500 de espécies de água doce comercializados com fins ornamentais. O peixe é a quarta espécie mais comum nos domicílios brasileiros. Peixes ornamentais de aquário são comercializados e distribuídos em diferentes partes do território nacional e do mundo. O comércio e circulação de animais vivos sem o uso de procedimentos de manejo profilático adequados possibilita a disseminação de inúmeros agentes patogênicos. Peixes ornamentais de aquário carreiam consigo agentes patogênicos de etiologia bacteriana, viral, fúngica e parasitária, sendo alguns de caráter zoonótico colocando em risco pessoas que os manipulam. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os principais agentes infeciosos patogênicos -de natureza bacteriana, viral e fúngica -que acometem peixes ornamentais de aquário, bem como os métodos de prevenção e controle que permitam excelência no segmento. Palavras-chave: Peixes ornamentais de aquários. Bactérias. Vírus. Fungos. Saúde animal. 2/16Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2019;56(2):e151697 How to cite: Cardoso PHM, Moreno AM, Moreno LZ, Oliveira CH, Baroni FA, Maganha SRL, Sousa RLM, Balian SC. Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish: prevention and control measures. Braz J Vet Res

Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema sp., which was found to be parasitizing three species of marine reef fish imported into Brazil and maintained in quarantine: Vanderbilt's Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), and sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis). During the quarantine period, some fish presented with behavioral disorders and hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis showed hemorrhages, inflammation comprising mononuclear and granular cells in the skeletal muscle, and necrosis of the skin and the secondary lamellae of the gills, and parasites were also observed in the renal capsule. The absence of transboundary measures available to prevent the occurrence of ornamental fish diseases is also discussed.

Megalocytiviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing serious economic loss to the global aquaculture industry. They also present a threat to ornamental fish trade because megalocytiviral infections have unspecified symptoms, making early diagnosis difficult. In this study, 100 ornamental fish from 24 different species were tested by PCR for megalocytivirus, with a 47% positive rate being identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the major capsid protein (MCP) gene, clustered all Brazilian samples into a single clade, showing identity values ranging from 99% to 100% when compared to each other. This is the first report of megalocytivirus infection in some ornamental fish species in Brazil.

O mercado de peixes ornamentais agrega espécies numerosas de diversos lugares do mundo. A translocação de peixes ornamentais pode trazer consigo agentes patogênicos que representam risco para regiões indenes. O parasita Gyrodactylus, platelminto da classe Monogênea, apresenta como característica a rápida multiplicação. Espécies de Polypterus palmas adquiridos de uma quarentena credenciada para importação e mantidos em uma bateria de aquários em estabelecimento comercial varejista do Brasil apresentaram sinais de perda de muco e parasitas espalhados pelo corpo e globo ocular, perceptíveis a olho nu. Os animais foram removidos para aquários-hospital e tratados com Praziquantel, e os parasitas foram observados em microscópio ótico comum. Após análise microscópica, verificou-se tratar de Monogênea, sugestivo de Gyrodactylus spp. A bateria de aquários foi imediatamente tratada com Triclorfon em uma única dose como medida preventiva, o que se mostrou tóxico para algumas espécies de peixes. Estudos envolvendo condições sanitárias dos peixes ornamentais comercializados no Brasil devem ser desenvolvidos para elucidar a dinâmica de algumas doenças em diferentes espécies. A geração de novos estudos e a atuação de profissionais capacitados implantando sistemas de autocontrole sanitário é fundamental para a redução do risco da disseminação de agentes e para contribuir de forma significativa para a promoção da saúde e do bem-estar de peixes ornamentais.

Classificação e perfil fenotípico de cepas clínicas e ambientais do complexo Cryptococcus neoformans mantidas em banco de microrganismos / Pedro Henrique Magalhães Cardoso.

The capsalid monogenean Neobenedenia melleni is known as a lethal pathogen for captured marine teleost ornamental fish, if left untreated. This study reports the occurrence of N. melleni parasitizing four species of ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil and maintained in quarantine: Arabian angelfish (Pomacanthus asfur ), yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus), regal angelfish (Pygoplites diacanthus), and bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Ten days after the beginning of quarantine, some fish showed behavioral alterations, such as irritability, and corneal opacity, which were rapidly diagnosed to be caused by monogenean parasites by body surface scraping. The fish from the same batch were treated with two applications of 2 mg L-1 praziquantel each at an interval of four days. Seven days after the first treatment, the mucus surface of the fish was re-examined, which did not reveal the parasites presence being delivered for commercialization.