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Although quantum degenerate gases of neutral atoms have shown remarkable progress in the study of many body quantum physics, condensed matter physics, precision measurements, and quantum information processing, experimental progress is needed in order to reach their full potential in these fields. More complex spatial geometries as well as novel methods for engineering interesting interactions are needed. Here we demonstrate a novel experimental platform for the realization of quantum degenerate gases with a wide range of tuneability in the spatial geometries experienced by the atoms and with the possibility of non-trivial long-range interactions both within and between multiple 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We explore the use of a large mode-volume bow-tie ring cavity resonant at two wavelengths, λ=1560 and 780 nm, for the creation of multiple BECs within a Malleable optical trap which also possesses the ability of photon-mediated long-range interactions. By exciting diverse transverse modes at 1560 nm, we can realize many optical trapping geometries which can open the door to spatial quantum state engineering with cavity-coupled BECs.As representative examples we realize a BEC in the fundamental TEM 00 and a double BEC in the TEM 01 mode of the cavity. By controlling the power between the fundamental and the higher transverse cavity mode, splitting and merging of cold thermal atomic ensemble is shown as well as the potential of creating more complex trapping geometries such as uniform potentials. Due to the double resonance of the cavity, we can envision a quantum network of BECs coupled via cavity-mediated interactions in non-trivial geometries.

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Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse pith hydrolysate by thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces sp. IIPE453 was analyzed using response surface methodology. Variables such as Substrate Concentration, pH, fermentation time and Na2HPO4 concentration were found to influence ethanol production significantly. In a batch fermentation, optimization of key process variables resulted in maximum ethanol concentration of 17.44 g/L which was 88% of the theoretical with specific productivity of 0.36 g/L/h.

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The occurrence of the coral Isastrea bernardiana (D'ORBIGNY 1850), hitherto known only from the Bajocian of Europe, near the so far undated base of the Jaisalmer Formation of Rajasthan, west ern India, suggests a Bajocian age for the lower part of the formation. As the base of the J aisalmer For mation also represents the earliest marine record in the area, the time of transgression of the Jurassic sea across the Indus shelf can be dated accordingly as Bajocian.

Active carbons of different grades with and without impregnants were studied for the adsorption of diethyl sulfide (DES), the simulant of sulfur mustard, under static conditions at 36 ( 1 °C. Kinetics of the adsorption were studied using linear driving force (LDF) and the Fickian diffusion model. The kinetic parameters such as equilibration time, equilibration capacity, equilibration constant, diffusional exponent, and adsorbate-adsorbent interaction constant (K) were determined. The diffusional exponent (n), being less than 0.5, indicated a Fickian mode of diffusion of DES in the studied carbon. Chemical interaction also seemed to be the second mechanism (although minor) involved in the DES uptake rate (the first being simple Fickian diffusion). The adsorbate-adsorbent interaction constant did not vary significantly indicating that probably DES chemically interacts to a small extent with the metal salts present on the surface of active carbon as impregnants. However, the characterization of reaction products, after extraction in dichloromethane, using GC/MS indicated that the system CrO3/NaOH/carbon (carbon impregnated with Cr(VI) plus NaOH) only reacted with DES to give diethyl sulfone.