Cystic hygroma (CH) is a benign infiltrative malformation of the lymphatic channels. We report a case of a 28-year-old Indian female who presented with rapidly enlarging right sided neck swelling over the posterior triangle since 5 days. Complete resection of CH is sometimes not amenable because of its infiltrative nature and involvement of surrounding vital structures. However, in our patient successful complete surgical resection was undertaken. The MRI findings of our patient were consistent with brachial cleft cyst; this posed a challenge in the diagnosis of CH. The histopathological analysis of the resected mass confirmed CH. CH is rare in adults and such an acute presentation is exceptionally atypical. History of prior trauma and infection are known etiological factors for adult CH; these were conspicuously absent in our patient. CH should be considered in the differentials of rapidly enlarging cystic swelling of posterior region of neck in adults. Optimal and timely management is necessary to achieve a favorable prognosis. Therefore, we report a case of rapidly enlarging cervical CH in an adult along with extensive literature review to have a better understanding regarding epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, optimal management, and prognosis of such a rare entity in adults.
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life threatening emergency leading to maternal death. Incidence of ectopic pregnancies has been increasing in last two to three decades with reduction in mortality. The presenting symptoms include abdominal pain, amenorrhoea and/or irregular vaginal bleeding. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical features of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The present study on ectopic pregnancies was carried out in Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India from January 2010 to June 2014. All the cases of ectopic pregnancy managed surgically were included in the study.Results: Total 102 cases of ectopic pregnancy were studied. Proportion of ectopic pregnancy in the present study is 1 in 205 deliveries. Majority of the cases (37) (36.27%) were noted between 21 to 25 years of age group followed by the age group 26 to 30 years. Ectopic pregnancy was most commonly noted in nulliparous women (44/102) (43.14%). Majority of the cases (50/102) (49.02%) had no risk factors. Abortion was the most common risk factor identified, alone as well as in conjunction with other factors. Ampulla was the most common site for ectopic pregnancy. 55% of the cases were on the right side where as 45% on the left side. We had 2 cases of heterotropic pregnancy with tubal ectopic in both the cases. The typical triad of amenorrhoea, pain in abdomen and bleeding was observed in 21.57% cases.Conclusions: The incidence of ectopic pregnancies is on rise as evident in this study. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to ectopic pregnancies, there is need for early diagnosis especially in high risk cases.
IntRoduCtIonMale breast cancer is a rare neoplasm which accounts for 1.2 -2 % of all cancers in men and 1% of the total cases of breast cancer [1,2]. The incidence of bilateral breast cancer accounts for only 0.5 -1 % of male breast cancers and synchronous cancers are extremely rare [3,4]. Carcinoma of the male breast has many similarities with the breast cancer which occurs in women [5]. We are reporting this case for rarity of the disease, advanced presentation of the lesion and synchronous bilateral breast cancer.
INTRODUCTIONCarcinoma of cervix is the most common cancer in Indian women and squamous cell carcinoma is the principal histological type. Papillary squamo-transitional carcinoma is a rare and distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, which differs by histology and clinical behaviour from conventional squamous cell carcinoma.1 Papillary squamo-transitional cell carcinoma can show variety of spectrum such as pure squamous, pure transitional and mixture of both.2 It shows papillary architecture with fibrovascular cores lined by multi-layered atypical epithelium and is known for local recurrence and late metastasis. METHODS4 cases of papillary squamo-transitional carcinoma of uterine cervix were diagnosed on cervical punch biopsies received in Department of Pathology over a period of one year. All the biopsies were processed by routine paraffin processing and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain. RESULTSMean age among the 4 cases was 52 years with age ranging from 40 years to 70 years. The presenting symptoms were Pain in abdomen (all 4 cases), P/V bleeding (2 cases) and P/V discharge (2 cases). Per speculum examination in all cases revealed an ulcerated growth in uterine cervix. All the cases were subjected to cervical punch biopsy. ABSTRACTBackground: Carcinoma of cervix is the most common cancer in Indian women and squamous cell carcinoma is the principal histologic type. Papillary Squamotransitional carcinoma is a rare and distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, which differs by histology and clinical behavior from conventional squamous cell carcinoma. It shows papillary architecture with fibrovascular cores lined by multilayered atypical epithelium and is known for local recurrence and late metastasis. Methods: 4 cases of papillary squamotransitional carcinoma of cervix were diagnosed on cervical punch biopsies. All 4 cases were analyzed histopathologically. Results: Patients ranged from 40 years to 70 years with pain in abdomen being commonest presenting symptom. All the cases showed papillary architecture with fibrovascular cores lined by multi-layered atypical epithelium. Three cell types were observed: Clear, intermediate and basaloid. Conclusions: Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix and is characterized by its aggressive behavior.
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