Background. Antibody titer and the life span of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have been found to be associated with the clinical presentation in individuals. The extent of exposure of healthcare workers and the general public to SARS-CoV-2 needs to be assessed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study is an attempt in assessing the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in health care workers. Methods. This laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed in Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from November 2020 to January 2021. A total of 185 HCWs were enrolled in this study. Their serum samples were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect further information. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening was performed using lateral flow immunoassay. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. Among 185 HCWs that participated in the study, 41 (22.2%) tested positive for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Of these 41 HCWs, 37 tested positive for IgG only and 4 of them tested positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. The presence of the previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection ( p < 0.001 ), the presence of flu-like symptoms within the last 6 months ( p < 0.001 ), and the presence of positive contact history ( p = 0.002 ) were statistically significant with the presence of the antibody among HCWs. Conclusion. Healthcare workers carry a high burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are at risk of acquiring infection from their workplace. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among healthcare workers is highly recommended in multiple healthcare settings as it can help in monitoring transmission dynamics and evaluation of infection control policies.
Global surgery is interpreted differently and may lack an in-depth understanding which is complicated by socio-economy and culture. Global surgery and global health have become part of health care service following the report of the Lancet Commission. Sustainability, ethical principles, and decolonization are some important ongoing issues for recipient societies. Incorporating societal dimensions, socio-cultural values, patients’ needs, and affordability requires a tailored approach and not blindly pursuing the best technology. The recent COVID-19 has exposed the unethical and inequity in terms of equitable healthcare, vaccine rollout and its access, and unprecedented high mortality observed in some societies. Surgery has been a neglected stepchild of global health and in addition global surgery must not be a slave of technology for the promotion of the ‘gold standard’, especially corporate-led commercialized services because a sustainable and effective surgical service at a reduced cost is desirable for all, be resource-rich or poor. Global surgery and global health include health security and universal health coverage. Stakeholders of global surgery need to be aware that ‘one size does not fit all’ and are required to consider the diverse conditions.
Introduction: Features of Acid Peptic Disease (APD) have specific presentations from low to high altitudes. This study aims to compare the endoscopy findings of APD at low altitudes (Kathmandu Valley) and High Altitudes (Rasuwa District) of Nepal. Method: Endoscopy findings of APD patients from Nov 2017 to Dec 2021 at Manmohan Medical College and Teaching Hospital (MMTH) were reviewed from the data kept in the endoscopy unit to compare the findings in patients from low altitudes (Kathmandu valley) and high altitudes (Rasuwa district). Variables included were age, sex, and endoscopy findings of APD. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. Chi-square analysis was used for the association between APD findings and altitude. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of 2937 APD patients, 1560 (53.1%) were male and 1377(46.9%) female, age 48.5 years (range 16-81) with 2701(91.6%) having endoscopic findings of APD. Among 2701 APDs, 1448 (88.6%) were from the low altitude of Kathmandu valley, and 1253 (96.2%) from high altitude (Rasuwa district), p-value <0.0002. There were 736(50.8%) patients with gastritis from Kathmandu vs. 695 (55.46%) from Rasuwa, followed by gastro-duodenitis 219(15.1%) vs. 32 (2.5%), duodenitis 171 (11.8%) vs. 169(13.5%) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of endoscopic findings of overall APD was high among patients from the high altitude of Rasuwa district compared to the low altitude Kathmandu valley of Nepal.
Background and Objectives: Anemia is a widespread public health issue. It impairs immune systems and is linked to an increase in morbidity. Additional factors linked to lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels in adolescents include lack of awareness, low educational status, poor dietary practices, and unhealthy eating habits, low iron bioavailability of the diet, decreased physical activity, malaria, and parasite infestations. Studies on the incidence and severity of anemia among Nepali college students are extremely rare. The significance of research on the prevalence of anemia among college students cannot be underestimated. The study's objective was to evaluate the relationship between anemia and BMI in paramedical students from the isolated, rural highlands of Midwestern Nepal. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the paramedical students of KAHS. A total of 96 students from paramedical students were participated in this study. Before collecting the data, the consent was taken from students. Data were collected from a semi-structured questionnaire and analyze by using SPSS software (20.0 Version). A chi square test was used to show the relationship between demographic variables and anemia. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 20.8% (male=6.1% and female=53.3%) among the 96 students. There was no significant association between anemia and BMI (P>0.05). Conclusion: The anemic status of students was significantly associated with gender but BMI and age where not the factors of anemic status in this Therefore, there should be adequate diet and nutritional status needs to be emphasized for paramedical students who are well educated and well oriented about nutrition and its ill effect on health.
Background: Antibody titration and the life span of the antibody against SARS-CoV-2 have been found to be determined by the clinical presentation as well. The extent of exposure of health care workers and the general public to SARS-CoV-2 needs to be assessed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study is an attempt in assessing the anti-SARs-COV-2 antibody in health care workers. Methods: This laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed in Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from November 2020 to January 2021. A total of 185 HCWs were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in the blood serum specimens . A structured questionnaire was administered to collect information from HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening was performed using a lateral flow immunoassay. Data were analyzed according to standard statistical methods using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 185 HCWs were participated in the study, among which 41 (22.2%) of them tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Among the 41 individuals who tested positive, 37 of them tested positive for IgG only and 4 of them tested positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Presence of history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (p<0.001), presence of flu-like symptoms within the last 6 months (p<0.001), and presence of positive contact history (p=0.002) were statistically significant with antibody screening among HCWs. Conclusion: The burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers seems to be high and HCWs are at risk of acquiring infection in the workplace. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among health care workers is highly recommended in multiple healthcare settings that can help in monitoring transmission dynamics and evaluation of infection control policies.
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