Electrical energy usage has drastically increased in recent decades, resulting in significant demand for renewable energy sources, especially solar. With the development of technology, extracting energy from photovoltaic (PV) modules has become easier and more economical. The performance of PV array decreases under an intermittent environment such as partial shading conditions (PSCs), causing fluctuations in PV array power output. This paper presents the analysis of a 4×4 PV array configuration under different PSCs. The power output of PV array depends on factors such as the type of configuration, size of array, and shading patterns. The performance of various types of 4×4 PV array configurations under different shading situations are compared and analyzed in this study, and the results presented.
Partial shading conditions (PSC) are unavoidable and are the main reason for the reduction in power from a photovoltaic (PV) array. With proper arrangement, the impact of PSC can be somewhat mitigated. There are distinct types of configurations, including series, parallel, series-parallel (SP), honeycomb, total cross-tied (TCT), etc. This article presents a novel SP–TCT configuration to maximize output power from PV panels under different shading conditions. The proposed configuration performance has been examined considering a 4 × 4 PV array under long-narrow and long-wide, short-narrow, short-wide and uniform shading conditions. The results of the proposed configurations are compared with existing configurations in terms of performance measures such as maximum power, fill factor, efficiency and mismatch losses. In all the cases, performance of the proposed configuration is nearer to the TCT configuration performance. The percentage improvement in terms of efficiency for the proposed novel SP–TCT configuration and TCT configuration is nearly 1.6% compared to other methods.
he role of photovoltaic (PV) array in converting solar energy to electrical energy is very much important to get maximum power. Current challenge in solar PV systems is to make them energy efficient. Partial shading conditions (PSCs) is one of the main causes for performance degradation of PV array. It not only effects the shaded region but also effect the overall output of the PV array. Proper selection of configuration is essential to overcome such type of challenges. There exist various types of traditional configurations such as series (S), parallel (P), series parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-link (BL), and honeycomb (HC). Hybrid configurations also available such as series-parallel-total-cross-tied (SPTCT), bridge-link-total-cross-tied (BL-TCT), honey-comb- total cross-tied (HC-TCT), and bridge-link-honey-comb (BL-HC). This paper presents an overview on various types of configurations available with their merits and demerits under various partial shading situations. This paper also insights recent advancements in PV array configurations with their future trends to benefit the researchers working in this domain.
Tracking the maximum power point is a critical issue with solar systems. The power output of the solar panel varies due to variations in irradiance and temperature. Nonuniform irradiation due to partial shading conditions has a direct impact on the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems. To build a diversity of maximum power point tracking algorithms in solar PV systems, this work focuses on perturb and observe, incremental conductance, and fuzzy logic control methodologies. The suggested fuzzy logic control method outperformed the conventional incremental conductance and perturb and observe algorithms with a collection of 49 rules. This paper presents a novel series-parallel-cross-tied PV array configuration with a developed fuzzy methodology. To comment on the performance of a proposed system under various partial shading conditions, a series-parallel PV array configuration has been considered. The simulation result demonstrates that the fuzzy method has a percentage improvement in the global maximum power point tracking efficiency of 24.85% when compared to the perturb and observe method and a 65.5% improvement when compared to the incremental conductance method under long wide partial shading conditions. In the case of the middle partial shading condition, the fuzzy method has a percentage improvement in the global maximum power point tracking efficiency of 12.4% compared to the perturb and observe method and a 60.7% improvement compared to the incremental conductance method.
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