D-allulose is one sort of C-3 epimer of D-fructose with the low calorie (0.4 kcal/g) and high sweetness (70% of the relative sweetness of sucrose), which can be biosynthesized by D-allulose-3-epimerase (DAE). In this work, we report the characterization of a novel DAE from Ruminiclostridium papyrosolvens (RpDAE) by genome mining approach. The activity of RpDAE reached maximum at pH 7.5 and 60°C, supplemented with 1 mM Co2+. Using D-fructose (500 g/L) as the substrate for epimerization reaction, RpDAE produced D-allulose (149.5 g/L). In addition, RpDAE was immobilized within the microporous zeolite imidazolate framework, ZIF67, by in situ encapsulation at room temperature. The synthesized bio-composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RpDAE-ZIF67 maintained 56% of residual activity after five reaction cycles. This study provides helpful guidance for further engineering applications and industrial production of D-allulose.

Statins are lipid‐lowering drugs that selectively inhibit 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, effectively reducing cholesterol synthesis. With improved nutritional conditions, the demand for statins is increasing in the global market. The use of microbial cell factories for statin biosynthesis has become advantageous due to the rapid advancements in biotechnology. These approaches offer simple operation and easy separation of products. This review provides an overview the strategies for statins production via microbial cell factories, including both traditional fermentation culture (non‐genetic) and modern synthetic biology manufacture (genetic). Firstly, the complex fermentation parameters and process control technology on submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid‐state fermentation (SSF) are introduced in detail. The potential use of recoverable agricultural wastes/(biomass) as a fermentation substrate in SSF for statin production is emphasized. Additionally, metabolic engineering strategies for constructing robust engineering strains and directed evolution are also discussed. The review highlights the potential and challenges of using microbial cell factories for statin production, and aims to promote greener production modes for statins.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Statins as a lipid-lowering drug can selectively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and decrease cholesterol synthesis effectively. With the improvement of nutritional conditions, the demand for statins is increasing in global market. Due to the rapid development of modern biotechnologies, the biosynthesis of stains by microbial cell factory appears great advantages. It has the advantages of simple operation and easy separation of products. This review summarized the strategies on statins production via microbial cell factory, including both traditional fermentation culture and modern synthetic biology manufacture. Firstly, the complex fermentation parameters and process control technology on submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) were introduced in detail. Especially, the possibility of recoverable agricultural wastes/(Biomass) as fermentation substrate on solid-state fermentation to produce statins was emphasized. Besides, metabolic engineering strategies to construct robust engineering strains and strains evolution were also discussed. The review highlights the potential and challenge of microbial cell factory to yield the statins. Thus, it will facilitate the production of statins in more green production mode.